Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42437705›Full record

ArticleInternational wound journal2026

The Impact of Adjunctive Acupressure on Postoperative Infection and Hospital Stay in Wagner Grade 2-3 Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Propensity Score-Stratified Cohort Study.

Conghui Shi, Ya Qi, Yaoguo Cui

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International wound journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Conghui ShiUlcers Surgery Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
Ya QiDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
Yaoguo CuiDigestive Department, Emergency General Hospital, Beijing, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1448-8907

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China 82505588
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a severe complication characterised by poor healing. Although adjunctive therapies like acupressure may improve outcomes, controlled evidence remains limited. This study evaluated whether acupressure reduces postoperative infection rates and hospital stay in patients with Wagner grade 2-3 DFUs. This single-center retrospective cohort study included eligible patients undergoing surgical debridement and moist wound healing between 2018 and 2024. Patients receiving standardised acupressure (ST36, SP6, KI3) were compared to a standard care-only cohort. To control confounders while maximising statistical power and generalizability, we employed an unstratified propensity score subclassification approach, dividing the full cohort into five quintiles. Primary outcomes were postoperative wound infection and hospital stay length. Secondary outcomes included antibiotic duration and re-debridement rate. We analyzed the full cohort of 423 patients (acupressure group: 186; standard care group: 237). After adjusting for propensity score strata, the acupressure group exhibited significantly lower postoperative infection rates (unadjusted 16.7% vs. 32.1%, adjusted p = 0.001) and shorter hospital stays (unadjusted median 10.0 vs. 12.0 days; adjusted mean difference -2.1 days, 95% CI -3.4 to -0.8, p = 0.002). Systemic antibiotic duration was significantly reduced (unadjusted median 6.0 vs. 8.0 days, adjusted p = 0.003), alongside a clinically relevant decrease in re-debridement rates (9.1% vs. 17.3%, adjusted p = 0.057). Doubly robust multivariate regression confirmed adjunctive acupressure as an independent protective factor against postoperative infection (adjusted OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.28-0.80, p = 0.005), with interaction tests demonstrating consistent benefits across all propensity score subclasses. Adjunctive acupressure significantly reduces postoperative infection risk and shortens hospitalisation in Wagner 2-3 DFU patients. Retaining the full cohort via propensity score subclassification strengthens generalizability, suggesting acupressure as a safe, effective, and low-cost complementary therapy for standard wound care.

Indexed as

AcupressureDiabetic FootLength of StaySurgical Wound InfectionAgedAged, 80 and overCohort StudiesDebridementFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPropensity ScoreRetrospective StudiesWound Healingacupressurecohort studydiabetic foot ulcerlength of staypostoperative infectionpropensity score subclassification

Identifiers

PMID42437705
PMCPMC13357016

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.