Evidence mapPaperPMID 42437874Full record

ArticleObesity (Silver Spring, Md.)2026

How Low Could Semaglutide Prices Fall? An Analysis of Production Cost and Implications for Global Access.

Jacob Levi, Samuel Cross, Nydile Ramesh, Francois Venter, Andrew Hill

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Jacob LeviNHS Royal Free Hospital Trust, London, UK.
Samuel CrossChristchurch Hospital, Te Whatu Ora, New Zealand.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8129-1919
Nydile RameshHywel Dda Health Board, NHS Wales, Carmarthen, UK.
Francois VenterUniversity of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Andrew HillDepartment of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.

Funding

International Treatment Preparedness Coalition (ITPC)
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThis study aimed to estimate potential launch prices of generic semaglutide following patent expiry in 2026 and to quantify the global obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) burden in countries where generic access may become possible.

methodsWe used World Bank population data and World Obesity and Diabetes Atlas prevalence estimates to calculate obesity and T2DM burden. Patent status was identified using MedsPaL and cross-checked with regional databases. We applied updated cost-plus pricing methods using 2024-2025 Indian active pharmaceutical ingredient shipment data to estimate production costs for oral and injectable semaglutide, incorporating formulation, packaging, taxation, and profit assumptions.

resultsTwelve countries with 2026 patent expiry account for 47% of obesity and 49% of T2DM globally. No patent filings were identified in 150 additional countries. By the end of 2026, generic injectable semaglutide could be available in 162 countries representing 69% of global T2DM and 84% of clinical obesity. Estimated generic injectable costs ranged from $28 to $140 per person-year; oral formulations ranged from $186 to $380 per person-year. Injection devices contributed disproportionately to total cost.

conclusionsPatent expiry may substantially expand access at lower prices, but device costs, secondary patents, and health system constraints could limit equitable uptake without coordinated policy action.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Drug CostsDrugs, GenericGlucagon-Like PeptidesHypoglycemic AgentsObesityGlobal HealthHumansSemaglutideDrugs, GenericGlucagon-Like PeptidesHypoglycemic AgentsSemaglutidecostgenericsemaglutideweight loss

Identifiers

PMID42437874
PMCPMC13422654

What Socratic holds

Texttitle and abstract
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.