Evidence mapPaperPMID 42438168Full record

ArticleJournal of biochemical and molecular toxicology2026

Differential and Combined Therapeutic Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Glutathione on Methotrexate-Induced Mucositis.

Halime Tozak Yıldız, Hilal Akalın, Zeynep Burçin Gönen, Özge Göktepe, Eda Köseoğlu, Nur Seda Gökdemir, Arzu Yay, Munis Dündar

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Halime Tozak YıldızInstitute of Health Sciences, Stem Cell Sciences Doctoral Program, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4310-6238
Hilal AkalınFaculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2580-836X
Zeynep Burçin GönenDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2725-9330
Özge GöktepeFaculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8205-2132
Eda KöseoğluFaculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0502-7814
Nur Seda GökdemirGenome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0294-7559
Arzu YayFaculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0541-8372
Munis DündarFaculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0969-4611

Funding

Erciyes University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit TDK-2022-11854
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Methotrexate (MTX) is commonly used in chemotherapy but induces severe side effects, such as intestinal mucositis, which is characterized by oxidative stress, inflammation, and epithelial cell death. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and glutathione (GSH) are potential therapeutic agents that could alleviate these effects. In this study, 30 adult female Wistar-Albino rats were assigned to five groups (n = 6) and received either an intraperitoneal dose of MTX (45 mg/kg) followed by treatments of MSCs, GSH, or a combination. MSCs were isolated and confirmed for multipotent differentiation capabilities. The effects of the treatments were assessed through histopathological analysis, immunohistochemistry, biochemical analyses, and gene expression using RT-qPCR. The MTX group showed significant mucosal damage, including villus atrophy, epithelial shedding, and increased fibrosis. However, treatment groups demonstrated partial preservation of villus architecture and reduced histopathological damage compared with the MTX group. MTX administration also markedly increased inflammatory and apoptotic markers, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and caspase-3, whereas these elevations were reduced to varying extents following MSC and/or GSH treatment. Additionally, MTX elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and decreased antioxidant enzyme activities, MSC and/or GSH treatments attenuated oxidative stress and improved antioxidant parameters. In conclusion, the combination of MSCs and GSH treatment attenuated MTX-induced intestinal injury through reduction of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis and enhancement of mucosal recovery. The findings suggest that MSC and GSH may exert complementary protective effects against MTX-induced intestinal toxicity; however, definitive superiority of the combined treatment over monotherapies was not consistently supported by the statistical analyses. However, further studies with larger sample sizes and mechanistic studies are needed to elucidate the underlying interactions and to confirm translational applicability.

Indexed as

GlutathioneMesenchymal Stem CellsMesenchymal Stem Cell TransplantationMethotrexateMucositisAnimalsFemaleOxidative StressRatsRats, WistarGlutathioneMethotrexateantioxidant responseglutathioneinflammationmesenchymal stem cellsmethotrexatemucositis

Identifiers

PMID42438168
PMCPMC13358174

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.