Real-World Effectiveness and Safety of Extrafine Triple Therapy in COPD Patients with Comorbid and Cardiovascular Conditions.

Purpose: This study evaluated the real-world effectiveness and safety of extrafine single-inhaler triple therapy (SITT) with beclometasone dipropionate/formoterol fumarate/glycopyrronium bromide (BDP/FF/GB) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with diverse comorbidity burdens, cardiovascular (CV) history, or CV risk. Patients and Methods: A pooled analysis of six observational studies assessed outcomes in subgroups with 1-2 or ≥3 comorbidities, CV history, or CV risk. Endpoints included COPD Assessment Test (CAT) scores, exacerbation, lung function (FEV Results: Among 5356 patients, 2431 had 1-2 comorbidities, 1087 had ≥3, 312 had a CV history, and 117 met CV-risk criteria. CAT scores decreased significantly in all subgroups following SITT initiation. Patients with comorbidities showed smaller CAT improvements vs those without, while CV history/risk groups showed greater CAT improvements than their reference groups up to month 6. Regardless of comorbidity burden or CV history, most patients remained exacerbation-free and FEV Conclusion: This analysis provides real-world evidence supporting extrafine BDP/FF/GB SITT as an effective and safe option for COPD patients with comorbidities, including CV history or risk. These findings help address an evidence gap in vulnerable populations and support timely initiation of SITT in high-risk patients in clinical practice.