SynthesisCells2026
Reshaping the Battlefield: Reprogramming the Melanoma Tumour Microenvironment (TME) by Anti-CTLA-4, Anti-PD-1, and Anti-PD-L1 Monotherapy and Combination Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Preclinical and Clinical Evidence.
Synthesis in Cells, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), comprising anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), and anti-programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), have transformed melanoma therapy, yet the tumour microenvironment (TME), the pivotal biological interface where therapeutic efficacy, resistance, and toxicity are determined, remains incompletely characterized. This dual systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO: CRD420261374242) followed PRISMA 2020 and included 58 preclinical (B16F10/C57BL/6; 46 quantitative) and 44 clinical studies (19 quantitative) to calculate pooled standardized mean differences (SMDs) for six intratumoral TME parameters. Checkpoint blockade consistently shifted the TME toward an immune-activated state, an effect that remained robust in sensitivity analyses despite substantial heterogeneity (I-squared heterogeneity statistic (I
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.