Evidence mapPaperPMID 42440082Full record

ReviewDiabetologia2026

Dementia in type 2 diabetes: risk factors, disease processes and opportunities for prevention across the lifespan.

Jan F de Leijer, Geert Jan Biessels, Frank L J Visseren, Thomas T van Sloten

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In one paragraph

Review in Diabetologia, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Jan F de LeijerDepartment of Vascular Medicine & Endocrinology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4254-8923
Geert Jan BiesselsDepartment of Neurology, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6862-2496
Frank L J VisserenDepartment of Vascular Medicine & Endocrinology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3951-5223
Thomas T van SlotenDepartment of Vascular Medicine & Endocrinology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands. t.t.vansloten@umcutrecht.nl.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2870-482X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

People with type 2 diabetes have a 60-70% higher risk of developing dementia than those without diabetes. Given the increasing number of older people living with diabetes, preventing dementia in this population is becoming increasingly important. However, dementia in individuals with type 2 diabetes is not a single entity and no diabetes-specific pathologies contributing to dementia have been identified yet. Here, we suggest that the relation between type 2 diabetes and dementia may be best understood through a probabilistic model that considers the context in which type 2 diabetes develops and the involvement of multiple dementia-related pathologies. Within this model, type 2 diabetes alters both the probability of dementia-related pathologies occurring and their downstream consequences. Opportunities for prevention of dementia evolve across the lifespan and comprise reducing cumulative exposures to dementia risk factors through a holistic approach rather than through targeting a single factor. Accordingly, beyond preventing type 2 diabetes itself, glucose-lowering medications with effects beyond glycaemic management (e.g. multihormone receptor modulators, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors), alongside traditional multi-domain cardiovascular risk management, may be most effective at lowering excess dementia risk in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Indexed as

DementiaPreventionProbabilistic modelReviewRisk factorsType 2 diabetes

Identifiers

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.