ArticleGeroScience2026
Distinct epigenetic ageing patterns are associated with heterogeneity in kidney function decline in type 2 diabetes.
Article in GeroScience, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Biological ageing is a heterogeneous process that shapes susceptibility to chronic disease. However, whether ageing patterns diverge within clinically defined type 2 diabetes (T2D) subgroups remains unclear. We investigated whether epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) differs across T2D phenotypes and whether these patterns relate to subsequent renal vulnerability. We included 607 multi-ethnic Asians with recent-onset T2D previously classified into three clinically distinct subgroups: mild obesity-related diabetes (MOD), mild age-related diabetes with insulin insufficiency (MARD-II), and severe insulin-resistant diabetes with relative insulin insufficiency (SIRD-RII). EAA was quantified using multiple epigenetic clocks. Kidney function was assessed longitudinally using eGFR slope over a median follow-up of 7.3 years, serving as a maker of cumulative systemic ageing burden. SIRD-RII, despite being chronologically younger, showed accelerated ageing across multiple second-generation clocks, whereas MARD-II, despite being chronologically older, showed comparatively lower levels of EAA. Among all epigenic clocks examined, GrimAge2logA1c was both highest in SIRD-RII and the only clock associated with kidney function decline (eGFR slope, β [SE] = -0.113 [0.040], p = 4.77 × 10
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