ArticleJournal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases2026
Tuberculosis treatment and cytotoxic immune signatures: a longitudinal study.
Article in Journal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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6 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of global mortality. Current tools for monitoring therapeutic efficacy are suboptimal, creating an urgent need for novel strategies. While emerging evidence suggests that immune biomarkers could fill this gap, our understanding of antibody dynamics during TB treatment remains limited. Beyond neutralization, antibodies play a critical role in the immune response by modulating inflammation and mediating the clearance of infected cells. Methods: In a longitudinal cohort of active TB patients, we analyzed Ag85A-specific antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and perforin-expressing NK cells via flow cytometry. Ag85A-specific IgG subclasses were measured by ELISA to correlate humoral architecture with cytotoxic potency. Results: The analysis revealed a significant increase in Ag85A-specific antibodies capable of mediating cytotoxic activity, which was associated with elevated levels of NK cells producing perforin upon treatment completion. Furthermore, ADCC activity correlates with Conclusions: Clinical resolution of TB is characterized by the potentiation of the ADCC-NK cell axis. The reduction in IgG3 levels reflects a shifting inflammatory milieu, while enhanced cellular cytotoxicity serves as a primary immunological hallmark and a potential biomarker for treatment monitoring.
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