ArticleBMJ open2026
Mapping the impacts of climate change on prehospital emergency medical services: protocol for a scoping review.
Article in BMJ open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionClimate change is intensifying extreme weather events and altering environmental conditions in ways that increasingly strain health systems. Prehospital emergency medical services (EMS), as the frontline interface between communities and acute care, are uniquely vulnerable to these pressures. Rising call volumes, infrastructure disruption, occupational heat and smoke exposure and service delays have been reported, yet the evidence remains fragmented across disciplines and regions. This scoping review aims to systematically map the global literature on climate-related hazards and their impacts on EMS operations, workforce health, patient outcomes and system adaptation. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This scoping review follows Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and will be reported in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extensions for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Searches will be conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL and Embase together with grey literature sources for English-language studies published from 2000 onwards. Using the Population-Concept-Context framework, studies on climate-related hazards affecting prehospital EMS operations, workforce health, patient outcomes or system adaptation will be included. Non-EMS studies, studies unrelated to climate-related hazards and non-primary reports will be excluded. Two reviewers will independently screen and chart the data. Findings will be summarised descriptively and thematically and presented in an evidence map. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: As this study uses publicly available data, ethical approval is not required. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publication, conference presentations and policy-oriented outputs targeting EMS leaders and public health stakeholders.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.