Evidence mapPaperPMID 42444041Full record

ArticleJournal of diabetes science and technology2026

Temporal Changes in Continuous Glucose Monitoring Profiles in Health Care Workers Participating in a Digitally Delivered Metabolic Wellness Program.

Bariq S Firmansyah, Ronesh Sinha, Ashutosh Sabharwal, Cheryl D Stults, Joseph Wilcox, Katie Gillespie, Rekha Viswanathan, Richard Chapman, Susan McClendon, David Kerr

Abstract read
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Article in Journal of diabetes science and technology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Bariq S FirmansyahDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.ORCID 0009-0009-1284-3252
Ronesh SinhaSutter Health, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Ashutosh SabharwalDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1898-5787
Cheryl D StultsCenter for Health Systems Research, Sutter Health, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Joseph WilcoxCenter for Health Systems Research, Sutter Health, Walnut Creek, CA, USA.
Katie GillespieCenter for Health Systems Research, Sutter Health, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Rekha ViswanathanSutter Health, Sacramento, CA, USA.
Richard ChapmanCenter for Health Systems Research, Sutter Health, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Susan McClendonCenter for Health Systems Research, Sutter Health, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
David KerrCenter for Health Systems Research, Sutter Health, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1335-1857

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundHealth care workers face elevated cardiometabolic risks due to irregular hours and chronic stress, yet targeted interventions are limited. This study evaluated an 8-week digital Metabolic Wellness Program (MWP), combining lifestyle education with real-time continuous glucose monitoring (CGM).

methodsOne hundred health care workers and dependents within a California health care system completed the MWP and were stratified by baseline time in tight range (TITR) 70 to 140 mg/dL. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)-derived metrics (average glucose [AG], glycemia risk index [GRI], time in range [TIR] 70-180 mg/dL, TITR, coefficient of variation [CV]) were evaluated via static pre-post comparison. These were supplemented by novel temporal change metrics: mean change index (MCI, average daily change relative to baseline) and improvement consistency index (ICI, % days with improvement). Engagement and behavioral changes were also assessed.

resultsStatic pre-post comparisons of CGM-derived metrics showed no significant glycemic changes cohort-wide or within TITR strata. However, temporal change metrics revealed improvements across participants. The low TITR (<70%) Group showed comprehensive improvements: AG (MCI -17.2 mg/dL), GRI (MCI -15.3), CV (MCI -3.2%), TIR (MCI 8.5%), and TITR (MCI 8.8%), with consistent improvements in GRI (ICI 72.1%), TIR (ICI 70.5%), and CV (ICI 73.3%), all

conclusionsWhile static CGM metrics remained unchanged, MWP participation was associated with significant behavioral and temporal glycemic improvements, particularly among those with lower baseline TITR. Long-term sustainability warrants further investigation.

Indexed as

behavioral changescontinuous glucose monitordigital healtheducational programslifestyle interventionmetabolic wellnessmobile health

Identifiers

PMID42444041
PMCPMC13368773

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.