Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42444121›Full record

ArticleJournal of pediatric rehabilitation medicine2026

Functional outcomes of children after SARS-CoV-2 infection: An EHR-based cohort study.

Abigail Case, Morgan Botdorf, Nicole Marchesani, John E Leikauf, Rebecca Letts, Christine Maughan, Megan L Fitzgerald, Miranda Higginbotham, Aparna C Swaminathan, David Liebovitz and 8 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of pediatric rehabilitation medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Abigail CaseDepartment of Pediatrics and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Pennsylvania and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5521-3076
Morgan BotdorfApplied Clinical Research Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Nicole MarchesaniApplied Clinical Research Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.ORCID 0009-0006-0683-7575
John E LeikaufDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Child Development, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7364-1106
Rebecca LettsRECOVER Patient, Caregiver, or Community Advocate Representative, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
Christine MaughanRECOVER Patient, Caregiver, or Community Advocate Representative, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9784-7061
Megan L FitzgeraldRECOVER Patient, Caregiver, or Community Advocate Representative, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
Miranda HigginbothamDepartment of Pediatrics and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Pennsylvania and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Aparna C SwaminathanDuke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA.
David LiebovitzDivision of General Internal Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Deepika ThackerNemour's Cardiac Center, Nemour's Children's Health, Wilmington, Delaware, USA.
Dima DandachiDepartment of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA.
Jennifer A MuszynskiDivision of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.
Kari WellnitzDivision of Pediatric Critical Care, University of Iowa Stead Family Children's Hospital, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Nathan M PajorDivision of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
Ravi JhaveriDivision of Infectious Diseases, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Sandy L GonzalezNicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami, FL, USA.
Suchitra RaoDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.

Funding

OTA-21-015A Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Initiative: NYU Langone Health Clinical Science Core, Data Resource Core, and PASC Biorepository CoreOT2HL161847 · NHLBI · NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE · PI GROSS, RACHEL SHARON, HORWITZ, LEORA · 2021 to 2025
$651.0M
NHLBI NIH HHS OT2 HL161847
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BackgroundClinical manifestations of the post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2, or long COVID, have been well-described. However, few pediatric studies explore the impact on everyday function. The objective was to describe functional outcomes for children and youth with long COVID.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of individuals < 21 years of age with COVID-19 infection seeking care at 21 children's hospitals across the United States was conducted. Using a systematic chart review, children with confirmed long COVID were identified by clinician adjudication between March 2020 and December 2022. Outcomes were compared to children with COVID-19 infection without confirmed long COVID. Functional impairments included difficulty participating in school and extracurricular activities, new referrals to rehabilitative therapies, newly modified education plans, and new or worsening mental health symptoms. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used to evaluate these outcomes among children with and without long COVID.ResultsAmong 686 children with completed chart review, 651 (95%) had a COVID-19 diagnosis. Functional impairment was documented in 139 (21%) children, of which 59 had clinician-adjudicated long COVID. Compared to infected children without long COVID, children with long COVID had higher odds of school decline (OR 3.5, 95% CI 1.6-7.9,

Indexed as

functional outcomesneurocognitive outcomespediatric long COVIDpost-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infectionretrospective cohort study

Identifiers

PMID42444121
PMCPMC13438835

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.