Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42444197›Full record

ArticleCanadian journal of gastroenterology & hepatology2026

Epidemiological Transition of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Cirrhosis in Asia: Three Decades of Spatiotemporal Dynamics, Health Inequality, and Future Burden.

Xiaoheng Liu, Chen Zhou

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Canadian journal of gastroenterology & hepatology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Xiaoheng LiuDepartment of General Internal Medicine, Sichuan Integrative Medicine Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, scu.edu.cn.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3457-9852
Chen ZhouDepartment of General Internal Medicine, Sichuan Integrative Medicine Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, scu.edu.cn.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6820-565X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo analyze spatiotemporal distribution, health inequalities, and future trends of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) burden in Asia from 1990 to 2023.

methodsUsing Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2023 data, age-standardized prevalence rates (ASPRs), incidence rates (ASIR), mortality rates (ASMR), and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rates (ASDR) were calculated. Joinpoint regression analyzed temporal trends, age-period-cohort models evaluated multidimensional effects, and Das Gupta decomposition explored contributions from population, aging, and epidemiological factors. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) assessed relationships with Human Development Index (HDI), while slope index of inequality (SII) and concentration index (CI) analyzed health inequalities. Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) model projected 2024-2038 trends.

resultsIn 2023, Asia carried 797.20 million prevalent cases (95% UI 693.74-910.71), 30.61 million incident cases, 27,083 deaths, and 760,383 DALYs. ASPR and ASIR had increased since 1990 (EAPC +0.851% and +0.696%), while ASMR (-0.903%) and ASDR (-0.895%) had fallen. Country dispersion was extreme: Kuwait's ASPR exceeded Japan's more than fourfold, and Central Asia's ASMR was an order of magnitude above East Asia's. Decomposition attributed 69.75% of prevalence-burden change to population growth and 29.00% to epidemiologic factors; East Asia was uniquely dominated by aging (47.24%). DEA flagged efficiency gaps in several upper-HDI states, including Kazakhstan and the Gulf countries. SII rose from 4.882 to 8.864 (81.6%), while CI remained negative throughout, signaling widening absolute inequality and persistent concentration of burden among lower-HDI populations. Projections to 2038 suggested gradual decline in all four indicators.

conclusionAsia's NAFLD trajectory is not a uniform rise. Morbidity is expanding while prognosis improves, and efficiency and equity gaps are growing. One-size-fits-all continental strategies will underdeliver; development-stage-specific responses are required.

Indexed as

Health Status DisparitiesLiver CirrhosisNon-alcoholic Fatty Liver DiseaseAsiaBayes TheoremDisability-Adjusted Life YearsFemaleGlobal Burden of DiseaseHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedPrevalenceSocioeconomic Disparities in HealthSpatio-Temporal AnalysisAsian trendsdisease burdenhealth inequalitiesmultidimensional analysisNAFLDpredictive modeling

Identifiers

PMID42444197
PMCPMC13365879

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.