ReviewRSC advances2026
Polymeric microneedles for closed-loop drug delivery: from biosensing to therapy.
Review in RSC advances, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Polymeric microneedles (PMNs) have emerged as a transformative platform for transdermal drug delivery and minimally invasive biosensing. By combining tunable polymer chemistry, microfabrication strategies, and bioelectronic integration, PMNs enable controlled delivery of small molecules, biologics, and vaccines while simultaneously facilitating real-time monitoring of physiological biomarkers. Recent advances have accelerated the development of closed-loop microneedle systems capable of autonomous sensing, feedback-actuation, particularly for chronic disease management. This review provides a comprehensive and critical analysis of polymeric microneedle technologies, covering polymer classification, material properties, fabrication techniques, mechanical and biological performance, biosensing integration, and closed-loop therapeutic applications. Emphasis is placed on stimuli-responsive polymers, hydrogel-forming microneedles, and glucose-responsive systems as paradigms for next-generation precision medicine. Manufacturing scalability, regulatory considerations, and translational challenges are discussed, alongside future perspectives for smart, wearable, and self-regulated microneedle platforms.
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.