ReviewFrontiers in oncology2026
Advances in the prevention and treatment of radiation-induced brain necrosis: a narrative review.
Review in Frontiers in oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Radiation-induced brain necrosis (RBN) is a serious and often debilitating complication of radiotherapy for intracranial and head and neck malignancies, with an incidence of 5-25%. It can lead to significant cognitive impairment, neurological deficits, and increased mortality. As radiotherapy techniques advance and patient survival improves, effective prevention and management of RBN have become critical clinical priorities. This review systematically summarizes the current understanding of RBN pathogenesis, highlighting the central roles of vascular injury (endothelial damage, HIF-1α/VEGF dysregulation) and neuroinflammation (microglial activation, cytokine release). We discuss recent advances in preventive strategies, including refined radiotherapy modalities such as intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), fractionated stereotactic radiosurgery (fSRS), and FLASH ultra-high-dose-rate radiotherapy, as well as pharmacological prophylaxis using bevacizumab and neuroprotective agents (NGF, GM1, edaravone). Established and emerging treatment options are reviewed, including corticosteroids, bevacizumab, hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT), laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT), and Colony Stimulating Factor 1 Receptor(CSF1R) inhibitors. We also cover innovations in imaging for early detection and differential diagnosis, including magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI), and Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography(PET/CT) with advanced tracers (
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