Evidence mapPaperPMID 42444799Full record

ReviewFrontiers in oncology2026

Advances in the prevention and treatment of radiation-induced brain necrosis: a narrative review.

Zhihong Zhao, Wan He, Jinquan Xia, Xiangcheng Wang, Guixiang Liao

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Zhihong Zhao *Department of Kidney Disease and Urology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China.
Wan He *Department of Oncology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China.
Jinquan XiaDepartment of Oncology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China.
Xiangcheng WangDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China.
Guixiang LiaoDepartment of Oncology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Radiation-induced brain necrosis (RBN) is a serious and often debilitating complication of radiotherapy for intracranial and head and neck malignancies, with an incidence of 5-25%. It can lead to significant cognitive impairment, neurological deficits, and increased mortality. As radiotherapy techniques advance and patient survival improves, effective prevention and management of RBN have become critical clinical priorities. This review systematically summarizes the current understanding of RBN pathogenesis, highlighting the central roles of vascular injury (endothelial damage, HIF-1α/VEGF dysregulation) and neuroinflammation (microglial activation, cytokine release). We discuss recent advances in preventive strategies, including refined radiotherapy modalities such as intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), fractionated stereotactic radiosurgery (fSRS), and FLASH ultra-high-dose-rate radiotherapy, as well as pharmacological prophylaxis using bevacizumab and neuroprotective agents (NGF, GM1, edaravone). Established and emerging treatment options are reviewed, including corticosteroids, bevacizumab, hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT), laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT), and Colony Stimulating Factor 1 Receptor(CSF1R) inhibitors. We also cover innovations in imaging for early detection and differential diagnosis, including magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI), and Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography(PET/CT) with advanced tracers (

Indexed as

neuroprotectivepathogenesisradiation necrosisradiotherapytreatment

Identifiers

PMID42444799
PMCPMC13357182

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.