Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42444853›Full record

ArticleJournal of thoracic disease2026

Female sex is associated with improved survival after perioperative immunotherapy in resectable non-small cell lung cancer.

Vikram Krishna, Claire Perez, Kellie Knabe, Bryan Navarro, Raffaele Rocco, Andrew R Brownlee, Clark Fuller, Harmik J Soukiasian, Philicia Moonsamy

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of thoracic disease, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Vikram KrishnaDivision of Thoracic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0789-9883
Claire PerezDivision of Thoracic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Kellie KnabeDivision of Thoracic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Bryan NavarroDivision of Thoracic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Raffaele RoccoDivision of Thoracic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Andrew R BrownleeDivision of Thoracic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Clark FullerDivision of Thoracic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Harmik J SoukiasianDivision of Thoracic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Philicia MoonsamyDivision of Thoracic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: The impact of sex-related immune modulation on treatment outcomes for patients who receive perioperative immunotherapy is unknown. Given that females are underrepresented in clinical trials investigating immunotherapy, we compared overall survival (OS) by sex for resectable stage IB-IIIA non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who received immunotherapy. Methods: The National Cancer Database (NCDB) was used to identify patients diagnosed with stage IB-IIIA NSCLC who underwent surgical resection and received immunotherapy between 2004 and 2023. The primary outcome was OS after strict 1:1 propensity score matching. Secondary measures included 30-day mortality, 90-day mortality, and length of stay (LOS). Results: Among 4,733 patients (47% female), baseline demographics were largely similar, including age, comorbidity, socioeconomic factors, and treatment timing. Females were more likely to undergo lobectomy and have adenocarcinoma histology, while males had more squamous tumors and pneumonectomies (P<0.01). OS differed significantly by sex. After matching (n=3,396), females had improved survival, compared to males {5-year OS 64.9% Conclusions: In patients with resectable stage IB-IIIA NSCLC receiving perioperative immunotherapy, female sex was independently associated with improved OS. This study provides further insight into the impact of sexual dimorphism on immunotherapy outcomes and can help clinicians develop personalized treatment plans for female patients.

Indexed as

femaleimmunotherapyperi-operativeSexsurvival

Identifiers

PMID42444853
PMCPMC13358507

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.