ArticleJournal of thoracic disease2026
Pulmonary cavitation as a dominant prognostic indicator in tuberculosis complicated by chronic pulmonary aspergillosis: a retrospective cohort study.
Article in Journal of thoracic disease, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) complicated by chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality; however, its prognostic determinants remain incompletely characterized. This study aimed to identify factors associated with prognosis and unfavorable outcomes in patients with PTB complicated by CPA. Methods: Between January 2023 and June 2024, consecutive adult patients diagnosed with PTB complicated by CPA were retrospectively enrolled. Unfavorable outcomes were defined as massive hemoptysis requiring surgical intervention or death during follow-up. Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to identify independent prognostic factors. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis was applied to quantify the relative contribution of each predictor. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to compare event-free survival across risk strata. Results: Among 440 patients (median follow-up, 6.0 months), 88 (20.0%) experienced unfavorable outcomes. Multivariable analysis identified older age [hazard ratio (HR) =1.042 per year], diabetes mellitus (HR =1.888), pretreatment hemoptysis (HR =1.652), pulmonary cavitation (HR =2.069), and irregular medication adherence (HR =2.599) as independent predictors of poor prognosis. SHAP analysis ranked pulmonary cavitation as the strongest contributor to unfavorable outcomes. Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrated significantly lower event-free survival among patients with these risk factors (all P<0.05). Conclusions: In patients with PTB complicated by CPA, unfavorable outcomes were independently associated with older age, diabetes mellitus, pretreatment hemoptysis, pulmonary cavitation, and irregular medication adherence, with pulmonary cavitation representing the dominant prognostic indicator. These findings support risk-stratified management strategies and highlight the value of interpretable machine learning for prognostic assessment.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.