ArticleJournal of thoracic disease2026
Transmembrane mucin 21 drives lung adenocarcinoma growth by suppressing retinoic acid receptor β signaling.
Article in Journal of thoracic disease, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Lung cancer remains the most prevalent and lethal malignancy worldwide, with non-small cell lung cancer accounting for >85% of cases and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) representing a predominant histological subtype. LUAD exhibits marked molecular heterogeneity, early dissemination, and a strong tendency for distant metastasis, but the key molecular circuits driving its progression remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate molecular markers governing the growth of LUAD, along with their underlying mechanisms. Methods: Mucin (MUC)21 expression was examined in LUAD patient tissues (16 paired fresh samples and 35 paraffin‑embedded cases) and cell lines (BEAS-2B, A549, NCI‑H838, NCI‑H1395) by qPCR, western blot, and immunohistochemistry. Stable knockdown (KD) and overexpression (OE) of Results: MUC21 was significantly upregulated in LUAD tissues and cell lines, with membrane‑localized enrichment in tumors. High MUC21 expression correlated with poorer progression‑free survival in patients. Functionally, Conclusions: These findings present the MUC21-RARβ regulatory axis as a critical regulator of LUAD malignant progression and highlight the therapeutic potential of
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