ArticleJournal of multidisciplinary healthcare2026
Long-Term Clinical Outcomes and Cost-Effectiveness of Bariatric Surgery for Type 2 Diabetes in Malaysia: A 10-Year Retrospective Cohort Study.
Article in Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Malaysia has the highest obesity prevalence in Southeast Asia, driving the burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its healthcare costs. Long-term real-world cost-effectiveness data on bariatric surgery from Malaysia are absent. We evaluated the clinical outcomes, safety, and exploratory cost-effectiveness of bariatric surgery in Malaysian patients with obesity and T2DM. Methods: Retrospective cohort study of 180 patients undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass at HCTM, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (2014-2016), with 5-year clinical follow-up. BMI and HbA1c were analysed using generalised estimating equations (GEE) with a Gaussian family, identity link and exchangeable working correlation. An exploratory cost-effectiveness analysis compared 20 surgical patients with 20 matched conventional-management patients (2012-2014) over a 10-year horizon from the healthcare-payer perspective. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was expressed per 1% HbA1c reduction, with one-way deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. Results: Mean BMI decreased from 49.29 ± 8.97 to 25.33 ± 4.25 kg/m Conclusion: In this single-centre Malaysian cohort, bariatric surgery produced durable improvements in BMI and HbA1c with low complication rates and a favourable exploratory ICER. Findings should be interpreted in light of the retrospective design and small economic cohort, and confirmed in multicentre prospective studies.
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