Evidence mapPaperPMID 42445583Full record

SynthesisJournal of preventive medicine and hygiene2026

Equity in the allocation of hospital beds in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Mohammad Keshvari, Mehdi Jafari, Hamid Ravaghi

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Mohammad KeshvariDepartment of Health Services Management, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Mehdi JafariDepartment of Health Services Management, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Hamid RavaghiDepartment of Health Services Management, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Equitable access to healthcare is a fundamental human right. As capital intensive infrastructures, hospitals consume 40-50% of health expenditure in low and middle-income countries. However, inequities in the allocation of hospital beds compromise efficiency, accessibility and outcomes. This study aimed to systematically review and meta-analyze the available evidence on the allocation of hospital beds in Iran and to quantify the inequality with established indices. Methods: A systematic review has been done in accordance with the principles of PRISMA, and the search process was conducted in international (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, CINAHL, DOAJ, MEDLine) and Iranian (SID, BKNS, Magiran) databases, and studies published from 2000 to 2025 in English and Persian language. Eligible studies reported quantitative measures of the allocation of hospital beds using inequality indices. Study quality was evaluated by using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist. Meta-analysis was conducted using random effects and quality effects models, with heterogeneity being tested by Cochran's Q, I2, and H2. Results: Thirty studies were eligible for inclusion (16 English, 14 Persian). Eight studies contributed 18 effect sizes for meta-analysis. The pooled Gini coefficient was 0.24 (95% CI: 0.20-0.28), and this indicates relative equity across the country, though heterogeneity was very high (I2 = 96.3%). Quality-effects modelling produced a very similar, higher estimate 0.26 (95% CI: 0.21-0.30). At the provincial level, Gini values were found to be between 0.229 (South Khorasan) and > 0.50 (Sistan and Baluchestan, Bushehr), showing the existence of important regional differences. City level inequalities were greater where values of 0.46 and 0.68-0.70 were found in Tehran and Shiraz, respectively, compared to those in Shanghai and Shenyang. Conclusion: While there is national equity in the allocation of hospital beds in Iran there are significant sub-national (provincial and urban) inequities. Addressing these requires equity-focused planning, monitoring and prioritization of disadvantaged regions.

Indexed as

Healthcare DisparitiesHealth Services AccessibilityHospital Bed CapacityHumansIranEquityHospital bedsIranSystematic review

Identifiers

PMID42445583
PMCPMC13361318

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.