Evidence mapPaperPMID 42445695Full record

ReviewNature and science of sleep2026

Loop Gain in Obstructive Sleep Apnea: From Physiological Endotype to Clinical Translation.

Chaofan Li, Chaohua Wang, Ying Zhang, Juan Ye, Bin Guo, Min Wu, Chun Zhang, Shaokun Huang, Guanghao Yue

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Nature and science of sleep, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Chaofan Li *Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, 810000, People's Republic of China.ORCID 0009-0009-7113-7825
Chaohua Wang *Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, 810000, People's Republic of China.
Ying ZhangDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, 810000, People's Republic of China.
Juan YeDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, 810000, People's Republic of China.
Bin GuoDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, 810000, People's Republic of China.
Min WuDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, 810000, People's Republic of China.
Chun ZhangDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, 810000, People's Republic of China.ORCID 0009-0000-0407-307X
Shaokun HuangDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, 810000, People's Republic of China.ORCID 0009-0008-4188-7724
Guanghao YueDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, 810000, People's Republic of China.ORCID 0009-0001-4019-9160

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objective: To define how loop gain can move from a physiological endotype to a clinically actionable metric in obstructive sleep apnea. Methods: This clinical translational narrative review identified relevant literature from PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and reference/citation searching, focusing on adult obstructive sleep apnea studies related to loop gain physiology, assessment methods, treatment stratification, and clinical implementation. Results: Loop gain helps explain why patients with similar apnea-hypopnea index values may show different disease expression and treatment responses. Research-grade perturbation methods remain the physiological reference standard, whereas raw-polysomnography (PSG) modeling currently represents the most practical route for clinical deployment. Simplified screening tools and emerging automated approaches based on polygraphy, photoplethysmography, or respiratory inductance plethysmography may expand access, provided their outputs are interpreted within method-specific contexts. Clinically, elevated loop gain may inform pre-treatment restratification before surgery or oral appliance therapy, selection of oxygen or ventilatory-control-targeted pharmacotherapy, and interpretation of residual instability during continuous positive airway pressure. Conclusion: Loop gain is most useful as a selective decision-support metric rather than as an isolated physiological number. Staged implementation, method-specific reporting, and outcome-oriented studies are needed to determine when LG-guided stratification improves clinical decisions in obstructive sleep apnea.

Indexed as

endotypingloop gainobstructive sleep apneapolysomnographyprecision medicineventilatory control

Identifiers

PMID42445695
PMCPMC13361281

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.