Evidence mapPaperPMID 42445790Full record

ArticleFrontiers in nutrition2026

Lower adherence to healthy lifestyle is associated with increased adiposity and cardiovascular risk in youth.

Antonietta Messina, Maria Casillo, Antonietta Monda, Girolamo Di Maio, Vincenzo Monda, Mohamed Salem Baazab, Marco La Marra, Marcellino Monda, Giovanni Messina, Fiorenzo Moscatelli and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Antonietta Messina *Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.
Maria Casillo *Unit of Dietetics and Sports Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.
Antonietta MondaDepartment of Human Science and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele Telematic University, Rome, Italy.
Girolamo Di MaioDepartment of Psychology and Health Sciences, Pegaso Telematic University, Naples, Italy.
Vincenzo MondaDepartment of Economics, Law, Cybersecurity, and Sports Sciences, University of Naples "Parthenope", Naples, Italy.
Mohamed Salem BaazabFaculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Aden, Aden, Yemen.
Marco La MarraDepartment of Psychology and Health Sciences, Pegaso Telematic University, Naples, Italy.
Marcellino MondaDepartment of Psychology and Health Sciences, Pegaso Telematic University, Naples, Italy.
Giovanni MessinaDepartment of Psychology and Health Sciences, Pegaso Telematic University, Naples, Italy.
Fiorenzo MoscatelliDepartment of Education and Sport Sciences, Pegaso Telematic University, Naples, Italy.
Rita PolitoDepartment of Psychology and Health Sciences, Pegaso Telematic University, Naples, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Unhealthy dietary patterns and insufficient physical activity are major contributors to pediatric overweight and obesity, yet their combined impact on body composition and blood pressure in youth is not fully understood. In this cross-sectional study, 24 participants (12 males, 12 females; 11-14 years) attending a pediatric lifestyle clinic were assessed. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was evaluated with the MEDI-LITE questionnaire, and physical activity with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ); total physical activity was log-transformed. A composite Lifestyle Risk Index was constructed by standardizing MEDI-LITE scores and log-MET values (higher scores 38 = poorer diet and lower activity). Anthropometry, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and body composition (fat mass percentage, FM%) were measured by standardized methods and multifrequency bioimpedance. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP) were measured at rest. Associations were examined using Spearman correlations, Mann-Whitney tests across lifestyle-risk strata, and multivariable linear regression adjusted for age and sex. Higher MEDI-LITE scores were associated with lower BMI and waist circumference, while higher physical activity was inversely associated with fat mass percentage and waist circumference. A composite Lifestyle Risk Index- reflecting lower adherence to the Mediterranean diet and lower physical activity levels-showed stronger associations with BMI, waist circumference, and fat mass percentage. Compared with the lower-risk group, the higher-risk group displayed higher adiposity measures. In regression models, the Lifestyle Risk Index remained associated with BMI, waist circumference, and fat mass percentage after adjustment for age and sex. No direct associations emerged between lifestyle variables and blood pressure, whereas BMI was positively associated with systolic blood pressure. These findings suggest that, in this exploratory pediatric sample, less favorable lifestyle patterns are associated with higher adiposity, which may partially explain variations in systolic blood pressure.

Indexed as

adiposityblood pressurebody compositioncardiometabolic risklifestyle risk indexMediterranean dietpediatric obesityphysical activity

Identifiers

PMID42445790
PMCPMC13357189

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.