Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42445792›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in nutrition2026

Diet, mycobiome and virome: from mucosal immunity to gut-brain axis regulation.

Alessandro Medoro, Andrea Castagnetti, Mariano Intrieri, Giovanni Scapagnini, Sergio Davinelli

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Alessandro MedoroDepartment of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy.
Andrea CastagnettiWellmicro Srl, Bologna, Italy.
Mariano IntrieriDepartment of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy.
Giovanni ScapagniniDepartment of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy.
Sergio DavinelliDepartment of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The gut microbiota plays a central role in regulating host metabolism, immune function and gut-brain axis signaling. Although bacterial communities have dominated microbiome research, the intestinal ecosystem also encompasses fungal communities and bacteriophages that can influence microbial functions and host physiology. This review examines how interactions among the mycobiome, virome (principally bacteriophages), and the bacterial microbiota shape metabolic signaling pathways relevant to gut-brain axis regulation. Fungal-bacterial and phage-bacterial interactions can remodel bacterial community function through ecological competition, biofilm formation, prophage induction and horizontal gene transfer. These multi-kingdom interactions modulate key microbial metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids, tryptophan-derived indole metabolites and bile acid intermediates, which act as major regulators of intestinal barrier integrity, immune responses and neuroimmune signaling. Disruption of these metabolic pathways may contribute to altered host signaling through receptors such as the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and bile acid receptors, with downstream effects on intestinal inflammation and neuroimmune regulation. Diet is among the most influential determinants of this ecosystem, directly shaping microbiota bacterial metabolism, fungal growth and phage-bacteria interactions. Dietary patterns rich in fermentable fibers and bioactive compounds may promote beneficial microbial metabolic outputs, whereas Western-type diets and high sugar intake may favor ecological imbalances that disrupt microbial signaling pathways relevant to gut-brain axis regulation.

Indexed as

aryl hydrocarbon receptorbacteriophagesbrain healthdietary patternsmucosal immunityneuroinflammationshort-chain fatty acidstryptophan metabolism

Identifiers

PMID42445792
PMCPMC13357866

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.