ArticleFrontiers in nutrition2026
Geriatric nutritional risk index as a prognostic marker for patients with advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Article in Frontiers in nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Purpose: Predicting the clinical outcomes of patients with advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) remains a challenge. This study evaluates the prognostic value of the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI), a simple screening tool based on serum albumin and body weight, in this patient population. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients with mUC treated with ICIs between January 2018 and December 2022. The GNRI was calculated at the treatment baseline. Patients were categorized into malnutritional status (GNRI<92) and normal nutritional status (GNRI≥92). The primary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Results: 67 patients were categorized as normal nutritional status and 18 patients as malnutritional status. The median OS in the normal nutritional status group is 30.0 months compared to 6.5 months in malnutritional status group ( Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that malnutritional status, as indicated by a low GNRI, is independently associated with both PFS and OS in patients with mUC undergoing treatment with ICI. However, considering the retrospective, single-center design and limited sample size, further validation in larger, multicenter, prospective cohorts is essential to firmly establish the clinical utility in this patient population.
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