ArticleJournal of experimental orthopaedics2026
Meniscal extrusion increases with age: Decade-specific magnetic resonance imaging reference values.
Article in Journal of experimental orthopaedics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: To establish decade-specific magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based reference values for the medial meniscal extrusion index (MEI) in adults without significant structural knee pathology and to assess associations with age and sex. The hypothesis was that decade-specific MEI values would increase with age, without meaningful sex-related differences, while remaining low in knees without significant structural abnormalities on MRI. Methods: In June 2025, knee MRI examinations from a single tertiary orthopaedic centre were retrospectively screened until 500 eligible knees were identified (100 per decade, ages 20-69; balanced by sex). Inclusion criteria were age 20-69 years, 1.5-T MRI, and no definite/moderate osteoarthritis on MRI. Exclusion criteria included root, radial or complex meniscal tears; significant focal chondral lesions; ligament injury; discoid meniscus; prior knee surgery; inflammatory disease; evident anatomical abnormalities; and marked bone marrow edema. MEI was measured on coronal images as the ratio of extruded medial meniscus to total medial meniscal width. Linear regression tested the association between age and MEI, including an age × sex interaction term. Reference values were reported per decade as mean, standard deviation (SD) and mean + 1 SD and + 2 SD. Interobserver reliability was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results: MEI was positively associated with age ( Conclusions: MEI increased progressively with age in knees without significant structural pathology on MRI, with no meaningful sex-related differences. Decade-specific MEI reference intervals may support age-adjusted interpretation of isolated medial meniscal extrusion, particularly in older adults, while reinforcing its role as an adjunctive imaging finding. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective cohort study.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.