ArticleFrontiers in endocrinology2026
Persistently increased frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis in new-onset type 1 diabetes in Polish children: nationwide analysis 2019-2022.
Article in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
35 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Aims: Global data show an increase in the rate of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at type 1 diabetes (T1D) onset during the COVID-19 pandemic, but its effect on severity remain unclear. This study assessed pre-pandemic, pandemic, and post-pandemic DKA frequency in Polish children with new-onset T1D and evaluated the pandemic's impact on DKA incidence and severity. Methods: This multicenter national retrospective study collected an anonymized list of all new-onset T1D cases in Polish children (<18y.o.) diagnosed based on clinical presentation (diabetes diagnosed based on random blood glucose >=200mg/dl and symptoms, no suspicion of other type of diabetes). Results: We analyzed 7192 children with a new-onset diabetes, and after applying the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 6543 cases were ultimately included in the final analysis. Overall, 54.5% presented with DKA. Frequency increased from 47.9% in 2019 to 58.6% in 2020 (p<0.0001) and decreased to 54.0% in 2022. Observed pandemic DKA (56.8%) exceeded model predictions (47.5%; p=0.0041). The additional impact of COVID-19 was estimated at a +9.4 percentage-point increase, with a 95% CI of +9.1 to 9.6%, with DKA predicted and observed rates converging by the end of the pandemic. During the pandemic, children were also more likely to present with moderate or severe DKA compared with the rest of the study period, with a subsequent decrease in severity after the pandemic. Conclusions: DKA frequency increased across the study period, with a peak during the pandemic. This findings should be interpreted in the context of global epidemiological data, where the prevalence of DKA at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes remains high and varies widely between countries, reaching around 50% in some populations. Therefore, coordinated country-level actions aimed at improving awareness of early diabetes symptoms are needed to reduce the persistently high rate of DKA.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.