Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42445898›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in public health2026

Temporal trend and influencing factors of high-risk pregnancy in China: a nationwide longitudinal analysis.

Zhenyan Bo, Kun Zou, Hailong Li, Yuxin Jiang, Linan Zeng, Yong Tang, Shaoyang Zhao, Yongmu Jiang, Lingli Zhang

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Zhenyan BoDepartment of Pharmacy/Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Kun ZouDepartment of Pharmacy/Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Hailong LiDepartment of Pharmacy/Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Yuxin JiangSchool of Mathematics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Linan ZengDepartment of Pharmacy/Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Yong TangSchool of Economics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Shaoyang ZhaoSchool of Economics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Yongmu JiangSchool of Economics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Lingli ZhangDepartment of Pharmacy/Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: High-risk pregnancy was a major challenge to sustainably reduce maternal mortality rate to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals in China. This study aimed to analyze the temporal trend of high-risk pregnancy rate in China and to explore the influence of socioeconomic factors. Methods: Panel data of 31 provinces in China from 2002 to 2016 were extracted from the China Statistical Yearbooks and Health Statistical Yearbooks. We firstly adapted JoinPoint regression model to describe the temporal trend of high-risk pregnancy rate. Then, an auto-regressive integrated moving average model was built to predict high-risk pregnancy rate from 2017 to 2030. Finally, a linear mixed model was employed to evaluate the impact of socioeconomic factors on high-risk pregnancy rate at the provincial level. Results: The high-risk pregnancy rate increased substantially with an average annual percent change of 6.06% (95% CI: 5.70, 6.51%) from 1996 to 2016 in China. Except Tibet, the high-risk pregnancy rate of other 30 provinces all presented an upward trend with an average annual percent change ranging from 1.86% (95% CI: 1.47, 2.35%) to 11.15% (95% CI: 9.22, 13.10%). The predicted high-risk pregnancy rate would up to 38.76% (95% CI: 31.66, 45.85%) in 2030 in China. The number of hospital beds per 1,000 population was negatively associated with high-risk pregnancy rate ( Conclusion: The high-risk pregnancy ratio in China has been increasing and sustains an upward trend, posing great challenge to maternal health improvement in China. Healthcare resources and other socioeconomic factors have significant effect on high-risk pregnant rate, such findings can provide evidence-based implications for long-term policy-making in healthcare resource allocation, urban development and gender equality. Constant efforts by all society should be made to enhance maternal health to achieve the goals of the Sustainable Development Goals and Healthy China 2030.

Indexed as

Pregnancy, High-RiskPregnancy RateChinaFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaternal MortalityPregnancySocioeconomic Factorshigh-risk pregnancyJoinPiont regressionlinear mixed modelmaternal healthmaternal mortality rate

Identifiers

PMID42445898
PMCPMC13357421

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.