Evidence mapPaperPMID 42446540Full record

ReviewMedicinal chemistry research : an international journal for rapid communications on design and mechanisms of action of biologically active agents2026

Small Molecule Insulin Sensitisers: New Leads and Targets for Next-Generation Insulin Sensitising Strategies.

Chong-Yew Lee

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In one paragraph

Review in Medicinal chemistry research : an international journal for rapid communications on design and mechanisms of action of biologically active agents, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

Chong-Yew LeeSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, 11800, Malaysia. chongyew@usm.my.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0632-3794

Funding

Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia FRGS/1/2025/SKK15/USM/02/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a major global health problem driven largely by insulin resistance, the impaired cellular response to insulin. Few current therapies directly address this underlying cause. Thiazolidinediones, potent peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonists, remain the only true small-molecule insulin sensitisers, but their clinical use is limited by adverse effects associated with non-selective activation of this target. Consequently, research has shifted toward alternative pathways that enhance insulin signalling without relying on PPARγ agonism. This review summarises advances from 2013 to 2025 in the development of novel small-molecule insulin sensitisers across diverse scaffolds and mechanisms. Structure-activity relationships, established and emerging molecular targets, and structural insights that inform rational drug design are highlighted. Selected leads were also evaluated using the BOILED-Egg model to assess oral drug-likeness and early "technology readiness." Overall, this review aims to inspire medicinal chemists by presenting promising leads and strategies for the development of next-generation insulin-sensitising therapeutics.

Indexed as

Insulin sensitisersNovel mechanismsSmall moleculesStructure-activity relationships

Identifiers

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.