Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42449162›Full record

ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2026

Blood biomarkers predict conversion from cognitively stable to mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's disease in Down syndrome at 16-month follow-up in ABC-DS.

Fan Zhang, Melissa Petersen, Mark Mapstone, James Hall, Benjamin Handen, Brad Christian, Elizabeth Head, Herminia Diana Rosas, Florence Lai, Joseph H Lee and 14 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

24 authors.

Fan ZhangInstitute for Translational Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3502-1808
Melissa PetersenInstitute for Translational Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA.
Mark MapstoneDepartment of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.
James HallInstitute for Translational Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA.
Benjamin HandenDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Brad ChristianDepartment of Medical Physics and Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Elizabeth HeadDepartment of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.
Herminia Diana RosasDepartments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA.
Florence LaiDepartment of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA.
Joseph H LeeTaub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Sharon J Krinsky-McHaleDepartment of Psychology, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, USA.
Frederick A SchmittDepartment of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.
Jordan HarpDepartment of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.
Christy HomDepartment of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.
Ira T LottDepartment of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.
Sigan HartleyDepartment of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Shahid ZamanDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK.
Beau M AncesDepartment of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Lauren PtomeyDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA.
Jeffrey M BurnsDepartment of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA.
Ann D CohenDepartment of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Pittsburgh, USA.
Adam M BrickmanTaub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
Sid E O' BryantInstitute for Translational Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA.
Alzheimer's Biomarkers Consortium‐Down Syndrome (ABC‐DS) Investigators*

Funding

Project 3: Biomarkers for DS Clinical TrialsU19AG068054 · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · 2025 to 2025
$18.4M
WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY ALZHEIMERS DISEASE RESEARCH CENTERP50AG005681 · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · 1985 to 2005
$16.3M
PROTEIN TRAFFICKING IN SPORADIC ALZHEIMER'S DISEASEP50AG008702 · COLUMBIA UNIV NEW YORK MORNINGSIDE · 1989 to 2005
$12.2M
TREATMENT OF DEPRESSION IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASEP50AG005133 · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · 1985 to 2005
$10.7M
University of Pittsburgh Clinical and Translational Science InstituteUL1TR001857 · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · 2025 to 2025
$10.1M
Clinical and Translational Science AwardUL1TR001873 · COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · 2025 to 2025
$10.0M
Washington University Institute of Clinical and Translational SciencesUL1TR002345 · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · 2025 to 2025
$9.3M
University of Wisconsin Institute for Clinical and Translational ResearchUL1TR002373 · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · 2025 to 2025
$8.9M
Research EducationP30AG062421 · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · 2025 to 2025
$4.8M
Research Education ComponentP30AG066468 · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · 2025 to 2025
$4.5M
Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterP30AG062715 · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · 2025 to 2025
$4.4M
The Alzheimer's Disease Research Center at the University of California, IrvineP30AG066519 · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · 2025 to 2025
$4.3M
Eunice Kennedy Shriver Intellectual and Developmental DisabilitiesNational Institute for Child HealthNCATS NIH HHS U24 AG21886NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001414NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001857NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001873NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002345NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002366NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002373NIA NIH HHSNIA NIH HHS P30 AG062421NIA NIH HHS P30 AG062715NIA NIH HHS P30 AG066468NIA NIH HHS P30 AG066519NIA NIH HHS P30 AG072973NIA NIH HHS P50 AG005133NIA NIH HHS P50 AG005681NIA NIH HHS P50 AG008702NIA NIH HHS U01 AG051406NIA NIH HHS U01 AG051412NIA NIH HHS U19 AG068054NIH Programs AG016573
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionIndividuals with Down syndrome (DS) face high risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD), yet presymptomatic detection of cognitive decline is hindered by lifelong intellectual disability.

methodsUsing data from the Alzheimer's Biomarker Consortium-Down Syndrome (ABC-DS), blood samples from 246 participants were analyzed, yielding 404 longitudinal observations (45 Converters, 359 Stable) collected at 0, 16, and 32 months were analyzed. A Support Vector Machine was trained on 25 plasma biomarkers spanning neurodegeneration, inflammation, and vascular health, along with demographic factors (age, sex, ethnicity, karyotype, apolipoprotein E [APOE ε4]). Batch-effect correction and feature selection were applied, resulting in 13 key markers.

resultsThe refined model achieved 92.4% sensitivity, 59.9% specificity, and an area under the curve (AUC) of 77.9%, accurately identifying individuals at risk of cognitive decline up to 16 months before clinical progression. DISCUSSION: This multi-domain, blood-based machine learning approach demonstrates that plasma biomarkers are valuable non-invasive tools for early detection and risk stratification of cognitive decline in DS.

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseBiomarkersCognitive DysfunctionDown SyndromeDisease ProgressionFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle AgedSensitivity and SpecificitySupport Vector MachineBiomarkersAlzheimer's diseasebatch effect correctionblood biomarkersDown syndromeearly detectionfeature selectionmachine LearningproteomicsSupport Vector Machine

Identifiers

PMID42449162
PMCPMC13368703

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.