Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42449193›Full record

ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2026

Structural MRI across lifespan reveals differential thalamic trajectories in Down syndrome.

Muhammad Shaikh, Paul Fletcher, Shahid Zaman, Alzheimer's Biomarker Consortium on Down Syndrome, Stephanie Brown

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Structural MRI across lifespan reveals differential thalamic trajectories in Down syndrome.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Muhammad ShaikhDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1982-7169
Paul FletcherDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK.
Shahid ZamanDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK.
Alzheimer's Biomarker Consortium on Down Syndrome
Stephanie BrownDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK.

Funding

Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease in Adults with Down SyndromeU01AG051412 · NIA · COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI LOTT, IRA T., SCHUPF, NICOLE · 2015 to 2019
$26.3M
NiAD Supplement WashU Start UpU01AG051406 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI HANDEN, BENJAMIN L, LAYMON, CHARLES · 2015 to 2019
$21.3M
Alzheimer's Research UK ARUK-RF2021B-001NIA NIH HHS U01 AG051406NIA NIH HHS U01 AG051412NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre NIHR203312
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionUp to 90% of Down syndrome (DS) patients develop Alzheimer's disease (AD). Sleep disturbance, affecting over 75% of DS patients, is implicated in AD pathogenesis. The thalamus, central to sleep and arousal, shows early vulnerability in DS-related AD.

methodsStructural 3T MRI scans from 253 DS participants (119 males, mean age 43.0 ± 9.4 years) and 36 controls (30 males, mean age 43.1 ± 12.2 years) from the Alzheimer's Biomarker Consortium-Down Syndrome (ABC-DS) study were analyzed, alongside neurodegenerative plasma biomarker assays (phosphorylated tau [pTau]181, pTau217, neurofilament light chain [NfL], amyloid beta [Aβ]40, Aβ42).

resultsIn DS, intracranial volume-adjusted thalamic volume declined with age (t = -2.589, p = 0.00987), approximating 2.5% loss per decade. This was linear, gray matter involution-independent, and heterogeneous across nuclei, correlating negatively with pTau and NfL. Controls exhibited no significant volumetric changes. DISCUSSION: Anteromedial and posterior thalamic shrinkage in DS AD mirrors sporadic AD. Associations with neurodegenerative biomarkers support thalamic atrophy as a sensitive marker of DS-related AD progression.

Indexed as

Down SyndromeMagnetic Resonance ImagingThalamusAdultAlzheimer DiseaseAmyloid beta-PeptidesBiomarkersFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNeurofilament Proteinstau ProteinsAmyloid beta-PeptidesBiomarkersNeurofilament Proteinstau ProteinsAlzheimer's diseaseDown syndromeneurodegenerationPapez Networkthalamus

Identifiers

PMID42449193
PMCPMC13369009

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.