ReviewHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics2026
Route of BCG administration determines success.
Review in Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is the single most deadly human pathogen and has been for centuries. BCG, a vaccine designed to protect from TB, is the most frequently administered vaccine in human history. Despite BCG's many shortcomings, which include suboptimal protection from TB, BCG has for over 100 y remained the only available vaccine in the fight against TB. Recent evidence from animal models indicates that BCG administered intravenously provides superior protection compared to cutaneous routes, such as intradermal or subcutaneous. Therefore, the route to improve success for BCG in the fight against TB and other illnesses, such as bladder cancer and neonatal sepsis, may simply relate to changing the route of its administration. We here trace the trajectory regarding the centrality of route of administration for BCG from its roots all the way to the most recent scientific breakthroughs, and with that illuminate a potential path ahead toward deploying BCG most optimally.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.