ArticleFoods (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Optimization of Ellagic Acid-Loaded Liposomes Using Box-Behnken Design and the Modulatory Role of Chitosan Molecular Weight on Their Stability, Digestive Release, and Antioxidant Activity.
Article in Foods (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Ellagic acid (EA) possesses various biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, whitening, and antioxidant properties. Its practical application is limited by poor aqueous solubility and susceptibility to degradation. To overcome these limitations, this study prepared EA liposomes using the thin-film hydration-ultrasonication method, followed by surface modification with low-molecular-weight chitosan (LM-CS) and medium-molecular-weight chitosan (MM-CS), yielding EA liposomes modified with LM-CS (EA-L-LC) and MM-CS (EA-L-MC), respectively. The formulation and preparation process were optimized using a Box-Behnken design combined with response surface methodology. Under optimal conditions, the mean particle size (MPS), polydispersity index (PDI), Zeta-potential, and encapsulation efficiency (EE) of the different liposomes (unmodified EA-L, EA-L-LC, and EA-L-MC) were determined. Morphological observation and functional group characterization were conducted via transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), respectively. The stability of the various liposomes was compared under different environmental conditions, and their stability and the released amount of EA were evaluated during in vitro digestion. The in vitro antioxidant activity and tyrosinase inhibitory effects of the different liposomes were investigated. After process optimization, the encapsulation efficiency of EA liposomes was effectively enhanced following modification with chitosan of different molecular weights. TEM and FTIR results confirmed that EA was effectively encapsulated, and chitosan was successfully coated onto the outer layer of the liposomes. Compared to unmodified EA liposomes (EA-L), the chitosan-modified liposomes (EA-L-LC and EA-L-MC) exhibited enhanced in vitro antioxidant activity and sustained, slow-release tyrosinase inhibitory effects, along with superior stability across multiple conditions. In vitro digestion experiments demonstrated that EA-L-MC and EA-L-LC achieved slower release rates in simulated gastric fluid compared to EA-L, thereby improving the digestive stability of EA.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.