Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42450877›Full record

ArticleHealthcare (Basel, Switzerland)2026

Artificial Intelligence Legislation Literacy, Governance Readiness, and Adoption Intentions in Romanian Healthcare: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Alina Doina Tănase, Cristian Zaharia, Ștefania Dinu, Camelia-Oana Mureșan, Daliana Emanuela Bojoga, Raluca-Mioara Cosoroabă, Emanuela Lidia Petrescu

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Article in Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Alina Doina TănaseDepartment of Professional Legislation in Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania.
Cristian ZahariaResearch Centre in Dental Medicine Using Conventional and Alternative Technologies, Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania.ORCID 0000-0002-2424-6924
Ștefania DinuPediatric Dentistry Research Center (Pedo-Research), Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania.ORCID 0000-0002-4351-7726
Camelia-Oana MureșanDiscipline of Forensic Medicine, Bioethics, Deontology, and Medical Law, Department of Neuroscience, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania.ORCID 0009-0006-3896-9599
Daliana Emanuela BojogaUniversity Clinic of Oral Rehabilitation and Dental Emergencies, Faculty of Dentistry, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania.ORCID 0000-0002-8674-9973
Raluca-Mioara CosoroabăDepartment of Professional Legislation in Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania.
Emanuela Lidia PetrescuResearch Centre in Dental Medicine Using Conventional and Alternative Technologies, Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania.ORCID 0000-0002-0204-3026

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND

objectivesAs Romanian health systems deploy artificial intelligence (AI), uptake depends on navigating the EU AI Act, GDPR, the Medical Device Regulation (MDR), and national rules. We measured AI legislation literacy, governance readiness, and adoption intentions among Romanian healthcare professionals, identified implementation phenotypes, and tested whether confidence mediates the literacy-adoption link. MATERIALS AND

methodsIn a multicenter cross-sectional survey (N = 109), participants completed a 20-item AI Legislation Literacy Index (0-20) plus scales rated form one to five measuring legislative confidence, adoption intention, readiness, trust, and perceived compliance burden. We used PCA and k-means clustering, multivariable logistic regression for high adoption intention (≥4), and covariate-adjusted mediation (5000 bootstrap resamples).

resultsMean age was 38.7 ± 9.8 years, and 60.6% of participants were female. Literacy was moderate (11.2 ± 4.1/20) and familiarity favored GDPR (69.7%) over the EU AI Act (25.7%). Literacy correlated with confidence (=0.52), whereas confidence correlated with adoption intention (=0.41); trust correlated positively (=0.44) and burden correlated negatively (=-0.29) with adoption. High adoption intention was noted in 50.5% of participants and was independently associated with higher literacy (aOR 1.85 per +1 SD; 95% CI 1.20-2.85), higher trust (aOR 1.72; 1.13-2.63), lower burden (aOR 0.64; 0.43-0.95), and prior AI training (aOR 2.10; 1.03-4.29). Three phenotypes emerged (Confident Adopters n = 44; Cautious Compliers n = 36; Skeptical Low Literacy n = 29), with adoption scores of 4.2 ± 0.5 vs. 3.1 ± 0.7 in the highest and lowest groups. Mediation showed a partial indirect effect via confidence (0.13; 95% CI 0.05-0.24).

conclusionsAI legislation literacy, confidence, trust, and perceived burden are key, modifiable determinants of AI adoption intentions; phenotype-guided strategies can target training, governance support, and post-deployment monitoring readiness. The revised framing explicitly situates these determinants within recent AI-specific regulatory and technical developments, including high-risk AI obligations, AI-enabled medical device change control, generative/large multimodal model risks, and lifecycle monitoring.

Indexed as

artificial intelligencedata protectiondiffusion of innovationhealth personnellegislation as topic

Identifiers

PMID42450877
PMCPMC13362114

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.