Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42453892›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in oncology2026

The impact of metabolic syndrome on survival outcomes in urothelial carcinoma: a retrospective cohort study.

Aspasia Manta, Afroditi Roumpou, Maria Gerogianni, Roubini Zakopoulou, Kimon Tzannis, Areti Mamali, Vasiliki Malamatini, Konstantina Kakogianni, Aristotelis Bamias, Melpomeni Peppa

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Article in Frontiers in oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Aspasia MantaEndocrine Unit, Second Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Afroditi RoumpouEndocrine Unit, Second Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Maria GerogianniEndocrine Unit, Second Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Roubini ZakopoulouSecond Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Kimon TzannisSecond Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Areti MamaliSecond Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Vasiliki MalamatiniSecond Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Konstantina KakogianniSecond Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Aristotelis BamiasSecond Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Melpomeni PeppaEndocrine Unit, Second Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background/objectives: Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is a prevalent malignancy of the urinary system, associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Metabolic syndrome (MetS), comprising obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia, has been implicated in cancer development, but its prognostic impact in UC remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the association between MetS and survival outcomes in UC patients. Methods: A single-center retrospective study was conducted, analyzing 112 patients with UC, diagnosed between January 2018 and February 2024. Patients were categorized based on the presence of MetS (≥ 3 criteria) or its individual components. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox proportional hazard regression models, adjusting for disease stage and relevant covariates. Results: The cohort was predominantly male (82.1%), with a median age of 71.9 years (IQR 65.8-79). MetS was present in 49 patients (43.8%). After adjustment for stage, MetS was associated with poorer OS (HR 2.04, p=0.018) and PFS (HR 2.13, p=0.024). In multivariate analysis, MetS independently predicted OS (HR 2.27, p=0.038). Diabetes was the strongest individual predictor of adverse outcomes (adjusted HR for OS 3.33, p=0.001; PFS 3.35, p=0.002). Hypertension also independently predicted worse OS (HR 1.96, p=0.039), whereas obesity and dyslipidemia were not associated with survival. Conclusions: MetS and its components, particularly diabetes and hypertension, were associated with poorer survival outcomes in patients with UC. Further prospective studies are required to determine whether optimization of metabolic health can improve oncological outcomes.

Indexed as

bladder cancerdiabetes mellitusdyslipidemiahypertensionmetabolic syndromeobesitysurvivalurothelial carcinoma

Identifiers

PMID42453892
PMCPMC13364600

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.