ReviewExtracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids2026
Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles for dry eye disease: principles, progress, and challenges.
Review in Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
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Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial ocular surface disorder characterized by disruption of tear film and/or ocular surface homeostasis that represents a significant global public health concern. This review summarizes the pathogenesis of DED, with particular emphasis on the central role of ocular surface inflammation. It further comprehensively evaluates the therapeutic rationale, preclinical advances, and translational challenges associated with mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicle (MSC-EV) therapy for DED. MSC-EVs exhibit numerous properties, including anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, reparative, and regenerative effects, and offer key advantages such as a cell-free nature, low immunogenicity, minimal tumorigenic risk, high stability, and suitability for topical administration. Through advanced strategies such as cargo engineering, hybrid design, biomaterial-assisted delivery, and genetic engineering, the therapeutic performance of MSC-EVs can be further optimized, enabling targeted delivery, improved retention and bioavailability, and precise immunomodulation. In addition, three-dimensional ocular surface and
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