Unlocking the Therapeutic Efficacies of Silver Nanoparticles Derived Using the Plant-Based Aqueous Extract: A Comprehensive Review.

Presently, nanoparticles have become the prime ingredient in diverse sectors. Among different metallic nanoparticles, AgNPs (silver nanoparticles) are extremely exploited in biomedicine due to its physico-chemical and biocompatible properties. This review elaborates the phytofabrication of AgNPs employing varying plant sections and their pharmacological efficacies. The phyto-extract involved synthesis of AgNPs is easier, faster, reliable, low-budget and environmentally harmless. The phytocompounds efficaciously promote the bio-based reduction, stabilization and capping of the AgNPs, which prevents their agglomeration. The phyto-derived AgNPs disclose various pharmacological activities such as pathogenic microbial killing (antimicrobial), free radical quenching (antioxidant), attenuating tumour cells (anticancer), controlling blood glucose level (antidiabetic) and reducing inflammation (anti-inflammatory). However, the toxic effect of AgNPs in animal models and the environment by prolonged exposure have restricted their biomedical applications. Moreover, batch-to batch variability found in the AgNPs derived through phyto-mode presents further challenges. Standardizing protocols and conducting more clinical trials will clarify the bioavailability, distribution, toxicity and mechanism of action, along with regulatory governance. This will validate the safer utilization of AgNPs in treating various chronic health conditions.