Evidence mapPaperPMID 42455240Full record

ArticleJournal of epidemiology and global health2026

Impact of Therapeutic Inertia on Glycemic Control and Diabetes-Related Complications in Type 2 Diabetes: A 3-Year Retrospective Cohort Study.

Dawit Alemu Lemma, Lijalem Abera Tema, Muluken Berhanu Mena, Hailu Chare Koyra

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Article in Journal of epidemiology and global health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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5 · Who and what money

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4 authors.

Dawit Alemu Lemma *Department of Pharmacy, Wachemo University College of Medicine and Health Science, Hosaina, Ethiopia. Dawitalemu231@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0008-1821-3756
Lijalem Abera TemaDepartment of Pharmacy, Wachemo University College of Medicine and Health Science, Hosaina, Ethiopia.
Muluken Berhanu MenaDepartment of Pharmacy, Wachemo University College of Medicine and Health Science, Hosaina, Ethiopia.
Hailu Chare Koyra *Department of Pharmacy, Wachemo University College of Medicine and Health Science, Hosaina, Ethiopia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundTherapeutic inertia is a major barrier to optimal glycemic control in type 2 diabetes (T2DM), yet its impact in low-resource settings is not well-documented. This retrospective cohort study investigated the effect of therapeutic inertia on treatment outcomes in patients with T2DM receiving care at a tertiary hospital in southern Ethiopia.

methodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted among 159 adult ambulatory T2DM patients between June 2020 and 2023. Data were collected from medical records. The primary outcome was poor treatment outcome, defined as fasting blood glucose > 130 mg/dL or development of a new diabetes-related complication. Exposure was defined as failure to intensify treatment within three months of uncontrolled glycemia. Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the association between therapeutic inertia and poor treatment outcomes.

resultsThe medical records of 159 T2DM patients were reviewed. Poor treatment outcomes were common in the therapeutic inertia group (68.6%). The therapeutic inertia exposure group was significantly associated with an increased risk of poor treatment outcomes, with an adjusted HR of 1.927 (95% CI: 1.201-3.092, p = 0.007). As a secondary analysis, factors such as physician qualification (p = 0.001), presence of comorbidities (p = 0.024), and the presence of neuropathy (p = 0.02) and nephropathy (p = 0.011) were significantly associated with therapeutic inertia.

conclusionTherapeutic inertia was significantly associated with worse treatment outcomes in this cohort. Healthcare systems should implement strategies to promote proactive diabetes management, while recognizing that therapeutic inertia is a complex issue influenced by patient, provider, and system factors. Future research should focus on identifying and overcoming the contextual barriers to timely treatment intensification.

Indexed as

Diabetes ComplicationsDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Glycemic ControlHypoglycemic AgentsAdultAgedBlood GlucoseEthiopiaFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesTreatment OutcomeUndertreatmentBlood GlucoseHypoglycemic AgentsTherapeutic inertiaTreatment intensificationTreatment outcomes.Type 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID42455240
PMCPMC13376105

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.