ArticleScience advances2026
Spaceflight multi-omics reveals vulnerabilities of human germ cell development.
Ying Li, Hui Gao, Jie Xiong, Nan Wang, Yongchun Yuan, Linjun Wang, Jinzhong Xu, Wenze Huang, Gikin Tan, Xiaojuan He and 3 more
Abstract read
In one paragraphArticle in Science advances, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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What it found
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4 · The recordCorrections and comments
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5 · Who and what moneyAuthors and funding
13 authors.
Ying LiThe State Key Laboratory for Complex Severe and Rare Diseases; Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Organ Biofabrication and Regenerative Repair; SXMU-Tsinghua Collaborative Innovation Center for Frontier Medicine; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.ORCID 0009-0008-7152-545X Hui GaoThe State Key Laboratory for Complex Severe and Rare Diseases; Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Organ Biofabrication and Regenerative Repair; SXMU-Tsinghua Collaborative Innovation Center for Frontier Medicine; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.ORCID 0009-0009-7243-4581 Jie XiongThe State Key Laboratory for Complex Severe and Rare Diseases; Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Organ Biofabrication and Regenerative Repair; SXMU-Tsinghua Collaborative Innovation Center for Frontier Medicine; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
Nan WangThe State Key Laboratory for Complex Severe and Rare Diseases; Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Organ Biofabrication and Regenerative Repair; SXMU-Tsinghua Collaborative Innovation Center for Frontier Medicine; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
Yongchun YuanShanghai Institute of Technical Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China.
Linjun WangShanghai Institute of Technical Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China.
Jinzhong XuKey Laboratory of Space Utilization, Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, P.R. China.ORCID 0000-0003-1870-6178 Wenze HuangMOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.ORCID 0009-0009-6597-7190 Gikin TanThe State Key Laboratory for Complex Severe and Rare Diseases; Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Organ Biofabrication and Regenerative Repair; SXMU-Tsinghua Collaborative Innovation Center for Frontier Medicine; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
Xiaojuan HeThe State Key Laboratory for Complex Severe and Rare Diseases; Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Organ Biofabrication and Regenerative Repair; SXMU-Tsinghua Collaborative Innovation Center for Frontier Medicine; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
Qiangfeng Cliff ZhangMOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.ORCID 0000-0002-4913-0338 Tao ZhangShanghai Institute of Technical Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China.ORCID 0000-0002-6765-9286 Kehkooi KeeThe State Key Laboratory for Complex Severe and Rare Diseases; Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Organ Biofabrication and Regenerative Repair; SXMU-Tsinghua Collaborative Innovation Center for Frontier Medicine; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.ORCID 0000-0001-6926-7203 Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
6 · The paper itselfAbstract
Understanding the impact of spaceflight on human reproduction is critical for interplanetary exploration, yet technical barriers have limited direct studies of germ cell biology in orbit. Here, we utilized an automated bioreactor that supported long-term differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into human induced primordial germ cells (hiPGCs), human induced ovarian follicles (hiOFs), and human induced spermatogonial stem cells (hiSSCs) aboard spacecraft. Integrated real-time imaging, programmable medium perfusion, and in situ preservation enabled time-resolved multi-omics analysis. During missions on China's Tianzhou-1 and Tianzhou-6 spacecraft, spaceflight reduced hiPGC specification efficiency by approximately 50% and suppressed hiSSC proliferation by 26%. Transcriptome-translatome coordination revealed cell-type-specific dysregulation of extracellular matrix organization, microtubule dynamics, and lipid metabolism. Whole-exome sequencing and DNA methylome analysis demonstrated preserved genomic integrity despite these functional perturbations. These findings provide direct evidence that spaceflight perturbs human germ cell development and establish a scalable framework for monitoring cellular adaptation during deep-space missions.
Indexed as
Germ CellsSpace FlightCell DifferentiationFemaleHuman Embryonic Stem CellsHumansMaleMultiomicsTranscriptome
Identifiers
PMID42455932
PMCPMC13371913
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