SynthesisEpidemiologic reviews2026
Trends in prevalence of type 2 diabetes, obesity, and hypertension in urban India since 2000: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Epidemiologic reviews, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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9 authors.
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Abstract
Rapid changes in urbanization in India have paralleled increased prevalence in noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), including type 2 diabetes (T2D), hypertension (HTN), and obesity. To examine sex-specific temporal trends in the prevalence of T2D, HTN, general obesity (GO), and abdominal obesity (AO) among urban populations in India since 2000, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with a registered Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews protocol (CRD42024548962). PubMed, Global Health (via EBSCOhost), Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for studies from 2000-2025 (initial search: October 12, 2024; update: July 4, 2025). Eligible studies were cross-sectional and reported the prevalence of T2D or HTN or obesity in urban Indian populations. Screening, data extraction, and risk-of-bias assessment using the Hoy tool were performed independently by 2 reviewers, with a third resolving conflicts. Pooled prevalence was estimated via random-effects meta-analysis in R (version 4.5.3), with forest and funnel plots generated using ggplot2. Out of 3143 records screened, 57 studies were included. The pooled prevalence demonstrated upward trajectory. T2D rose from 13% in 2000-2005 to 21% in 2021-2025, and HTN from 29% to 31%. For obesity, GO increased from 24% in 2000-2005 to 36% in 2016-2020, while AO rose from 47% to 72% over the same period. Sex-stratified analyses showed greater increases among males for T2D and HTN, whereas AO increased more among females. These findings underscore increasing T2D, HTN, and obesity in urban India, highlighting the need for strengthened primary care and supportive environmental and policy measures address the urban NCD burden.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.