Evidence mapPaperPMID 42458201Full record

ArticleObesity surgery2026

Declining Bariatric Surgery Volumes and Shifting Practice Patterns: A Five-Year Analysis of Over One Million Procedures.

Mélissa V Wills, Xinlei Zhu, Doua Elamin, Ricard Corcelles, Matthew Kroh, Jerry Dang, Andrew Strong, Salvador Navarrete, Valentin Mocanu

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Article in Obesity surgery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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5 · Who and what money

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9 authors.

Mélissa V WillsLerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, USA. willsm@ccf.org.
Xinlei ZhuLerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, USA.
Doua ElaminLerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, USA.
Ricard CorcellesLerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, USA.
Matthew KrohLerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, USA.
Jerry DangLerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, USA.
Andrew StrongLerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, USA.
Salvador NavarreteLerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, USA.
Valentin MocanuLerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Bariatric surgery volumes are declining despite rising obesity prevalence. Practice patterns have shifted toward more complex conversion procedures and away from sleeve gastrectomy. Quality improvements at accredited centers have maintained low complication rates despite increasing patient complexity, but falling volumes threaten training capacity and access.

objectiveTo characterize trends in bariatric surgery volumes, patient complexity, procedure selection, and outcomes from 2020 to 2024. Bariatric surgery remains the most effective obesity treatment, yet fewer than 1% of eligible patients undergo surgery. The COVID-19 pandemic and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists have disrupted surgical volumes. Understanding current practice patterns is critical for resource planning, fellowship training, and maintaining surgical access as obesity prevalence rises.

methodsRetrospective analysis of the Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation and Quality Improvement Program database (2020 to 2024). Demographics, comorbidities, procedure types, and 30-day outcomes were analyzed. Trends were evaluated using chi-square and linear regression.

resultsAmong 1,006,270 procedures, volumes declined 23% from the 2022 peak (230,707 to 177,789 in 2024). Primary procedures decreased from 90.2% to 83.9% of total cases, while conversions increased from 8.9% to 11.0%. Sleeve gastrectomy declined from 73.4% to 70.6% of primary procedures; Roux-en-Y gastric bypass increased from 26.6% to 29.4% (all p<0.0001). Patient complexity increased: ASA class III or higher rose from 79.8% to 82.5%. Despite this, serious complications declined from 3.39% to 3.10% and mortality remained stable (0.08% to 0.06%). Readmissions increased from 3.2% to 3.6%.

conclusionsBariatric surgery volumes declined substantially to pandemic levels while patient complexity increased. Conversion procedures now constitute over 11% of all cases. Improving outcomes despite rising complexity reflect quality improvements at accredited centers. Volume decline threatens training capacity and surgical access for the growing obesity epidemic.

Indexed as

Bariatric SurgeryObesity, MorbidPractice Patterns, Physicians'AdultCOVID-19FemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesUnited States

Identifiers

PMID42458201
PMCPMC13429527

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