ArticleActa obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica2026
Early- vs. late-onset gestational diabetes: Differential impact on maternal and neonatal outcomes.
Article in Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThe timing of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) diagnosis may influence maternal and neonatal outcomes, yet the differential impact of early-onset versus late-onset GDM remains incompletely characterized, particularly in Chinese populations. To compare maternal and neonatal outcomes between early-onset GDM (diagnosed before 20 weeks' gestation) and late-onset GDM (diagnosed at 24-28 weeks' gestation). MATERIAL AND
methodsThis retrospective cohort study included 1847 singleton pregnancies complicated by GDM at Qingdao Municipal Hospital from January 2020 to December 2023. Participants were classified into early-onset (n = 583) and late-onset (n = 1264) groups. Primary outcomes included composite adverse neonatal outcome, preeclampsia, and cesarean delivery. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to calculate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) after controlling for maternal age, pre-pregnancy BMI, nulliparity, family history of diabetes, and chronic hypertension.
resultsWomen with early-onset GDM demonstrated significantly higher rates of insulin requirement (45.8% vs. 21.1%, p < 0.001). Early-onset GDM was associated with increased risks of preeclampsia (aOR 1.85, 95% CI 1.38-2.47), cesarean delivery (aOR 1.84, 95% CI 1.53-2.28), and preterm birth (aOR 2.69, 95% CI 2.05-3.47). Neonatal complications were substantially elevated in the early-onset group, including macrosomia (aOR 1.86, 95% CI 1.41-2.37), neonatal hypoglycemia (aOR 2.04, 95% CI 1.57-2.67), respiratory distress (aOR 2.60, 95% CI 1.78-3.71), and NICU admission (aOR 2.16, 95% CI 1.69-2.74). The composite adverse neonatal outcome occurred in 61.2% of early-onset versus 37.7% of late-onset cases (aOR 2.57, 95% CI 2.13-3.15).
conclusionsEarly-onset GDM may represent a clinically distinct, higher-risk phenotype with notably elevated maternal and neonatal morbidity compared to late-onset disease. Given the observational design and the potential for residual confounding, these findings should be regarded as hypothesis-generating rather than definitive. They require confirmation in prospective, multicenter studies before risk stratification by diagnostic timing or intensified surveillance can be advocated for routine clinical implementation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.