ArticleCurrent medicinal chemistry2026
Effect of Melatonin and TNF-α on Differentiation of PDL Stem Cells.
Article in Current medicinal chemistry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
introductionMelatonin (MEL) has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immune regulatory properties. This study aimed to evaluate MEL as an antioxidant in the osteogenesis process of the human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs).
methodsThis is an in vitro experimental laboratory study using human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs). were cultured and characterized in vitro. TNF-α was administered at 10 ng/ml. The ALP activity of hPDLSCs and the expressions of two genes, Runx2 and OPN, were also studied. ALP staining and activity assays were conducted on day 7 and day 14 to study the effects of TNF-α and MEL on bone formation.
resultsIt showed that MEL counteracted the ROS generation and the inhibitory osteogenesis of hPDLSCs induced by TNF-α, by upregulating the expression of antioxidases and downregulating the expression of oxidases. TNF-α treatment resulted in a decrease in ALP staining and activity, and MEL was able to result in TNF-α-induced impaired osteogenesis of hPDLSCs. Similarly, MEL inhibited the phosphorylation of p65 protein and blocked the degradation of IκBα protein. DISCUSSION: This study demonstrates that melatonin preserves the osteogenic potential of human periodontal ligament stem cells under TNF-α-induced inflammatory conditions. By reducing ROS, enhancing antioxidant defenses, and suppressing oxidases, melatonin restores ALP activity and increases Runx2 and OPN expression. These effects occur through inhibition of NF-κB signaling, indicating its protective role in inflammatory microenvironments.
conclusionMEL effectively attenuates TNF-α-induced oxidative stress and restores the osteogenic differentiation capacity of human periodontal ligament stem cells in an inflammatory microenvironment. Its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties support its potential use in periodontal regeneration therapies.
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