Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42459130›Full record

ArticleThe European journal of neuroscience2026

High-Frequency Spinal Cord Stimulation Modifies Tibial Nerve-Stimulation-Evoked Cortical Theta-Gamma Coupling in Sheep Cortex.

Vishal Bharmauria, Hiroyuki Oya, Yarema Bezchlibnyk, Nour Shaheen, Amirhossein Ghaderi, Yahia Yassine Belkacemi, Karim Johari, Arun Singh, Alexander L Green, Hiroto Kawasaki and 5 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The European journal of neuroscience, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Vishal BharmauriaThe Tampa Human Neurophysiology Lab, Department of Neurosurgery, Brain and Spine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Florida, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9511-2827
Hiroyuki OyaDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Yarema BezchlibnykThe Tampa Human Neurophysiology Lab, Department of Neurosurgery, Brain and Spine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Florida, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7509-1723
Nour ShaheenAlexandria Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria City, Egypt.
Amirhossein GhaderiCenter for Affective Neuroscience, Learning and Education, University of Southern California, California, Los Angeles, USA.
Yahia Yassine BelkacemiFaculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
Karim JohariDepartment of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Louisiana State University, Louisiana, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0295-7397
Arun SinghBiomedical and Translational Sciences, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota, USA.
Alexander L GreenNuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-7262-7297
Hiroto KawasakiDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Can SaricaDivision of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Brian DalmDepartment of Neurosurgery, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5044-0686
Andres M LozanoDivision of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Matthew A HowardDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Oliver FloutyThe Tampa Human Neurophysiology Lab, Department of Neurosurgery, Brain and Spine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Florida, USA.

Funding

University of IowaUniversity of South Florida
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Pain management strategies have progressed beyond traditional pharmacologic and physical interventions, integrating advanced neuromodulation techniques such as deep brain stimulation, peripheral nerve stimulation, and high-frequency spinal cord stimulation (hSCS). Despite its clinical efficacy, the supraspinal mechanisms underlying hSCS remain poorly understood. Prior work in sheep demonstrated that hSCS modulates gamma (γ) band (70-150 Hz) activity in the primary somatosensory and association cortices, implicating cortical involvement in pain modulation. Given the interaction between low- and high-oscillations, we hypothesized that hSCS modulates γ activity in a region- and time-dependent manner through specific coupling with theta rhythms (θ, 4-8 Hz). To test this, we quantified θ-γ phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) during tibial nerve stimulation (TNS) before (TNS

Indexed as

Gamma RhythmSomatosensory CortexSpinal Cord StimulationTheta RhythmTibial NerveAnimalsElectrocorticographyFemaleSheepSpinal Cordcortical oscillationshigh‐frequency spinal cord stimulation (hSCS)modulation indexpaintheta‐gamma coupling

Identifiers

PMID42459130
PMCPMC13373641

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.