Evidence mapPaperPMID 42459638Full record

ArticleFrontiers in network physiology2026

Physiological correlates of interoception and the effect of heart rate variability biofeedback.

Andy Schumann, Lisa Schmitt, Katrin Rieger, Elif Çalışkan, Feliberto De la Cruz, Maria Geisler, Yubraj Gupta, Karl-Jürgen Bär

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in network physiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Andy SchumannLab for Autonomic Neuroscience, Imaging and Cognition (LANIC), Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
Lisa SchmittLab for Autonomic Neuroscience, Imaging and Cognition (LANIC), Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
Katrin RiegerLab for Autonomic Neuroscience, Imaging and Cognition (LANIC), Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
Elif ÇalışkanLab for Autonomic Neuroscience, Imaging and Cognition (LANIC), Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
Feliberto De la CruzLab for Autonomic Neuroscience, Imaging and Cognition (LANIC), Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
Maria GeislerLab for Autonomic Neuroscience, Imaging and Cognition (LANIC), Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
Yubraj GuptaLab for Autonomic Neuroscience, Imaging and Cognition (LANIC), Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
Karl-Jürgen BärLab for Autonomic Neuroscience, Imaging and Cognition (LANIC), Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Interoception, the perception and interpretation of internal bodily signals, is closely linked to autonomic regulation and emotional functioning. Heart rate variability biofeedback (HRVBF) has been proposed to influence interoceptive processes through modulation of vagally mediated cardiovascular dynamics. The present study investigated physiological correlates of interoception and examined whether an 8-week HRVBF intervention was associated with changes in autonomic regulation and interoceptive processing in healthy adults. Methods: Twenty-five participants completed an 8-week HRVBF training. Resting autonomic function was assessed before and after the intervention using cardiovascular and respiratory indices, including heart rate, heart rate variability, baroreflex sensitivity, respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), respiration rate, and spectral HRV measures. Interoceptive accuracy was assessed using the heartbeat counting task, and interoceptive awareness was assessed using the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA). Results: At baseline, lower respiration rate and heart rate were associated with higher scores on several MAIA subscales. The HRVBF intervention was associated with significant multivariate changes in autonomic function, including decreased respiration rate, increased RSA, and elevated baroreflex sensitivity. Interoceptive accuracy improved modestly following the intervention. Interoceptive awareness also showed a significant multivariate change, with largest increases observed in the subscale Self-Regulation. Conclusion: In conclusion, HRVBF was associated with modulation of resting autonomic regulation and improvements in selected dimensions of interoceptive processing, particularly subjective self-regulatory awareness. Associations between physiological and interoceptive changes were modest, suggesting further research is needed to clarify the relationship between autonomic regulation and interoceptive function.

Indexed as

baroreflex sensitivityheartbeat perceptioninteroceptive awarenessnetwork physiologyrespiratory sinus arrhythmia

Identifiers

PMID42459638
PMCPMC13368545

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.