ReviewFrontiers in immunology2026
Tertiary lymphoid structures as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in neoadjuvant cancer immunotherapy.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Combined multi-omics profiling and machine learning analysis reveals that Bregs and RPS2 promote bone metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Translational cancer research · 2026Article
- TLS as Predictors and Targets in Neoadjuvant Chemoimmunotherapy for NSCLC.Thoracic cancer · 2026Review
- Tertiary lymphoid structures in neoadjuvant and perioperative cancer immunotherapy: a review and proposed framework for biomarker interpretation and validation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Neoadjuvant immunotherapy is reshaping the treatment of resectable solid tumors, but biomarkers that reflect spatially organized antitumor immunity remain limited. Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are ectopic lymphoid aggregates that support local antigen presentation, lymphocyte recruitment, T-B cell interaction, germinal center reactions and humoral immunity. Increasing evidence suggests that TLS density, maturation, localization and cellular composition are associated with immune checkpoint blockade response, pathological regression and prognosis. Beyond their biomarker value, TLS may represent modifiable immune niches that can be induced or remodeled by checkpoint blockade, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, vaccines and stromal-vascular strategies. This mini-review discusses the biological basis, biomarker potential, therapeutic targeting and clinical translation of TLS in neoadjuvant cancer immunotherapy, highlighting key challenges and future TLS-guided trial designs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.