Evidence mapPaperPMID 42460016Full record

ReviewFrontiers in pharmacology2026

Mechanisms of natural compounds in treating inhalation anesthesia-induced cognitive dysfunction.

Zhaobing Han, Wei Jiang, Yue Zhao, Yannan Geng, Yuanjun Qu, Qiuyue Chen, Xiwen Geng, Guimao Cao

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Zhaobing HanSecond School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, China.
Wei JiangExperimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, China.
Yue ZhaoExperimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, China.
Yannan GengFirst School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, China.
Yuanjun QuFirst School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, China.
Qiuyue ChenExperimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, China.
Xiwen GengExperimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, China.
Guimao CaoThe Affiliated Hospital, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Although some inhalation anesthetics have been widely used and improved surgical safety, their potential to cause cognitive decline and neurotoxicity has raised widespread concern. The pathological mechanisms of cognitive dysfunction induced by anesthesia are complex, involving multiple factors such as neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, neuronal apoptosis, microglial polarization, neurotransmitter imbalance, as well as miRNA and epigenetic regulation. However, current treatment options are limited, and there is a lack of targeted and safely effective intervention measures. Natural compounds demonstrated significant potential in the prevention and treatment of cognitive dysfunction induced by anesthesia due to their multi-target regulatory properties and good safety profiles. This review systematically explores the potential role of natural compounds in alleviating cognitive dysfunction induced by inhalational anesthetics. A total of 16 natural compounds were evaluated, including flavonoids; Saponins; Phenols/Polyphenols; Terpenes, and other compounds. The main mechanisms of action identified by the research include anti-inflammatory effects, antioxidant effects, anti-apoptotic effects, regulation of microglial polarization, and epigenetic regulation. Furthermore, the current challenges and future research directions in this field were clarified.

Indexed as

cognitive dysfunctioninhalation anestheticsnatural compoundsneuroinflammationneuronal apoptosisoxidative stress

Identifiers

PMID42460016
PMCPMC13369306

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.