Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42461453›Full record

Observational studyJournal of gastrointestinal cancer2026

Safety of Immune-Targeted Therapy in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the Real-World.

Menghuan Song, Tianyue Feng, Ning Deng, Zhirong Yang, Yunfeng Lai, Carolina Oi Lam Ung, Hao Hu

Abstract readObservational Study
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Journal of gastrointestinal cancer, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Menghuan SongState Key Laboratory of Mechanism and Quality of Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, SAR, China.
Tianyue FengState Key Laboratory of Mechanism and Quality of Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, SAR, China.
Ning DengState Key Laboratory of Mechanism and Quality of Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, SAR, China.
Zhirong YangDepartment of Computational Biology and Medical Big Data, Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China.
Yunfeng LaiSchool of Public Health and Management, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
Carolina Oi Lam UngState Key Laboratory of Mechanism and Quality of Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, SAR, China. carolinaung@um.edu.mo.
Hao HuState Key Laboratory of Mechanism and Quality of Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, SAR, China. haohu@um.edu.mo.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9441-106X

Funding

Centre for Pharmaceutical Regulatory Sciences at the University of Macau CPRS-0005Science and Technology Development Fund, Macau SAR 0014/2023/AKPUniversidade de Macau MYRG-GRG2023-00059-ICMS
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCombining immunotherapy with targeted therapy represents a promising trajectory for cancer treatment; however, safety profiles remain insufficient. This study aimed to characterize adverse events associated with immune-targeted regimens in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

methodsThis study used Reporting Odds Ratio (ROR), Proportional Reporting Ratio (PRR), and Bayesian Confidence Propagation Neural Network (BCPNN) to detect signals of adverse events based on data from FDA Adverse Event Reporting System.

resultsSignals of fulminant type-1 diabetes mellitus (ROR = 13.3, PRR = 13.2, IC = 3.7), myositis (8.5, 8.3, 3.1), encephalitis (8.4, 8.3, 3.0), and myocarditis (7.3, 7.2, 2.8) were identified in atezolizumab+bevacizumab. Immune-mediated hepatitis (5.6, 5.1, 2.4), hepatic encephalopathy (3.3, 3.0, 1.6), and uppergastrointestinal haemorrhage (4.3, 4.2, 2.1) were associated with pembrolizumab+lenvatinib. Signals of gastrointestinal haemorrhage (5.1, 4.8, 2.3) and malignant neoplasm progression (2.9, 2.7, 1.4) were in patients using atezolizumab+cabozantinib.

conclusionThis study delineated distinct profiles of adverse events associated with immunotargeted therapies, which serves as a critical reference for risk assessment and therapeutic selection. Though atezolizumab plus bevacizumab is recommended as first-line treatment for advanced HCC, potential severe immune-mediated adverse events affecting multiple organs suggested the importance of clinical vigilance. Extrapolation of pembrolizumab+lenvatinib and atezolizumab+cabozantinib from other cancers to HCC warrants caution in consideration of the associated bleeding risks and hepatic complications.

Indexed as

Antineoplastic Agents, ImmunologicalAntineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy ProtocolsCarcinoma, HepatocellularDrug-Related Side Effects and Adverse ReactionsLiver NeoplasmsMolecular Targeted TherapyAdverse Drug Reaction Reporting SystemsAgedAged, 80 and overAnilidesAntibodies, Monoclonal, HumanizedBevacizumabFemaleHumansImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsMaleAnilidesAntibodies, Monoclonal, HumanizedAntineoplastic Agents, ImmunologicalatezolizumabBevacizumabcabozantinibImmune Checkpoint InhibitorslenvatinibpembrolizumabPhenylurea CompoundsPyridinesQuinolinesAdverse eventHepatocellular carcinomaImmune checkpoint inhibitorImmunotargeted therapyMolecular targeted therapyPharmacovigilance

Identifiers

PMID42461453

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.