ArticleIndian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology2026
Association between dietary advanced glycation end products and gallstone disease: A case-control study.
Article in Indian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsGallstone disease is a common gastrointestinal disorder involving metabolic and inflammatory pathways. Advanced glycation end products, abundant in processed foods and generated during high-temperature cooking, promote oxidative stress and inflammation, mechanisms implicated in gallstone formation. Therefore, this study investigated the association between advanced glycation end products intake and gallstone among Iranian adults.
methodsIn this case-control study, 189 newly diagnosed patients with gallstone and 342 controls were included. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated 168-item food frequency questionnaire. Dietary advanced glycation end products intake was estimated using established advanced glycation end products databases and expressed as Kilounits (Ku) per day. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, total energy intake, physical activity, smoking status and alcohol consumption.
resultsMean advanced glycation end products intake was significantly higher among gallstone cases than controls (11,027.8 ± 5903.6 vs. 9490.5 ± 4773.5 kU/day, p = 0.002). Participants in the highest quartile of advanced glycation end products had greater total energy intake and meat consumption compared with those in the lowest quartile (both p < 0.001). In the crude model, individuals in the highest quartile had twice the odds of gallstone compared with those in the lowest quartile (OR = 2.00; 95% CI = 1.20-3.34). After adjustment for potential confounders, the association remained significant (OR = 1.89; 95% CI = 1.07-3.38; p = 0.016). A significant positive trend across quartiles was observed (p for trend = 0.026).
conclusionHigher dietary advanced glycation end products were significantly associated with greater odds of gallstone. These findings suggest that reducing dietary exposure to advanced glycation end products may represent a potential nutritional strategy for gallstone prevention. Prospective studies are warranted to confirm these findings.
Indexed as
Identifiers
42463553What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.