Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42464895›Full record

Trial reportJournal of paediatrics and child health2026

Epidemiology of Children and Young People Presenting to Australian Emergency Departments for the Management of Acute Severe Behavioural Disturbance: Secondary Analysis of a Randomised Controlled Trial.

Elyssia M Bourke, Kate Klein, Chris J Selman, Katherine J Lee, Amit Kochar, Deborah Shellshear, Meredith L Borland, Shane George, Shefali Jani, Doris Tham and 10 more

Abstract readRandomized Controlled TrialMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Journal of paediatrics and child health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Trial
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

20 authors.

Elyssia M BourkeEmergency Research Group, Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5617-0955
Kate KleinEmergency Research Group, Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6141-2318
Chris J SelmanDepartment of Critical Care, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1277-5538
Katherine J LeeDepartment of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8334-0291
Amit KocharDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Women and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Deborah ShellshearDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Meredith L BorlandDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5326-5008
Shane GeorgeDepartment of Emergency Medicine and Children's Critical Care, Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport, Queensland, Australia.
Shefali JaniDepartment of Emergency Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Doris ThamEmergency Research Group, Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Michael GordonDepartment of Psychiatry, Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Chidambaram PrakashDepartment of Psychiatry, Royal Children's Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Andrew DavidsonClinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7050-7419
Catherine L WilsonEmergency Research Group, Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Natalie PhillipsDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Gaby NievaDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Women and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Jonathan C KnottDepartment of Critical Care, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1503-0440
Franz E BablEmergency Research Group, Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Simon S CraigEmergency Research Group, Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2594-1643
Paediatric Research in Emergency Departments International Collaborative (PREDICT) Network

Funding

Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, AustraliaNational Health and Medical Research Council GNT1058560National Health and Medical Research Council GNT1179137National Health and Medical Research Council GNT 2005279National Health and Medical Research Council GNT2017498National Health and Medical Research Council GNT2017605Perth Children's Hospital FoundationRoyal Children's Hospital FoundationVictorian Government's Operational Infrastructure Support program
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimTo describe the epidemiological characteristics of children and young people presenting to the emergency department (ED) with acute severe behavioural disturbance (ASBD) who were deemed to require oral sedative medication.

methodsSecondary analysis of a randomised controlled open-label multi-centre trial of oral olanzapine versus oral diazepam for the management of ASBD in children and young people aged nine to 17 years for whom epidemiological data were recorded.

resultsThere were 348 participants enrolled in the randomised controlled trial (RCT). The majority were female (215/348, 62%) with a mean age of 14.6 years (standard deviation 2.2). The most common pre-existing medical or mental health condition was anxiety (122/299, 35%) followed by attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder (33% and 32%, respectively). Two-thirds of the study population (216/348, 62%) had previously attended the ED for ASBD management and 61% (212/348) reported previous intentional self-harm. Nearly three-quarters (247/348, 71%) were accessing psychiatric care in the community prior to their ED presentation. Half of the study population (178/348, 52%) presented to the ED with emergency services (e.g., ambulance, police). The median length of stay in the ED was 5.7 h (interquartile range 3.9-10.2 h) and 28% (98/348) of study participants required admission to hospital.

conclusionsFor children and young people presenting to the ED with ASBD who were deemed to require oral sedative medication to assist with behavioural containment, pre-existing mental health disorders were common. There is a need for focussed management procedures for more targeted, trauma-focussed care for children and young people presenting to the ED with ASBD and for support and education in the pre-hospital setting.

trial registrationThe primary study (PEAChY-O) was registered with the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) (ACTRN12621001236886) prior to commencement.

Indexed as

Emergency Service, HospitalMental DisordersAdolescentAustraliaBenzodiazepinesChildFemaleHumansMaleOlanzapineBenzodiazepinesOlanzapineadolescent behaviourbehavioural problemchild behaviourdisruptive behaviourdysfunctional behaviouremotional disturbancesPsychology

Identifiers

PMID42464895
PMCPMC13617226

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.