Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42465047›Full record

ArticleJournal of clinical and translational science2026

Representation of women and historically underserved populations in hypertension and diabetes clinical trials at Federally Qualified Health Centers: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Rifath Ara Alam Barsha, Samuel Byiringiro, Thomas Hinneh, Emmanuel Uwiringiyimana, Juliana Garcia, Kimesha Grant, Oluwatosin Tomiwa, Khadijat Adeleye, Brenda Owusu, Yuling Chen and 6 more

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In one paragraph

Article in Journal of clinical and translational science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Rifath Ara Alam BarshaThe University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.
Samuel ByiringiroVanderbilt University School of Nursing, Nashville, TN, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9165-0348
Thomas HinnehJohns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Emmanuel UwiringiyimanaUniversity of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda.
Juliana GarciaUniversity of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Kimesha GrantJohns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Oluwatosin TomiwaJohns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Khadijat AdeleyeUniversity of Massachusetts Amherst School of Nursing, Amherst, MA, USA.
Brenda OwusuUniversity of Miami School of Nursing and Health Studies, Coral Gables, FL, USA.
Yuling ChenJohns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Diana-Lyn BaptisteJohns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Ashwag AlhabodalUniversity of Connecticut School of Nursing, Storrs, CT, USA.
Serina GbabaJohns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Payam SheikhattariMorgan State University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Hailey N MillerJohns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Cheryl R Dennison HimmelfarbJohns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) serve diverse populations and may enhance participant diversity in clinical trials; however, their engagement in trials remains understudied. The objective of the current study was to examine participant diversity in hypertension (HTN) and type-2 diabetes (T2D) clinical trials. Methods: We searched PubMed, Cochrane, CINAHL (Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature), Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus for clinical trials of medical interventions addressing HTN or T2D among adults (≥18), engaging one or multiple FQHCs, and published between 2013 and 2023. We reported pooled proportions of representation of underserved populations in clinical trials. Results: Of 4552 articles identified, 26 clinical trials were included. The pooled proportion was 0.35 (95% CI: 0.26, 0.45) for Hispanic, 0.36 (95% CI: 0.23, 0.48) for Black/African American, 0.03 (95% CI: 0.02, 0.05) for Asian, 0.58 (95% CI: 0.54, 0.63) for female, and 0.25 (95% CI: 0.07, 0.43) for uninsured participants, and 0.54 (95% CI: 0.36, 0.72) for people with limited education (≤high school). Conclusion: Trials involving FQHCs demonstrated high inclusion of historically underrepresented than typical trial populations. This underscores the potential of FQHCs to improve clinical trial representativeness and to enhance the generalizability of research findings.

Indexed as

clinical researchclinical trialclinical trial diversityFederally Qualified Health Centersunderrepresented populations

Identifiers

PMID42465047
PMCPMC13373607

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.