ArticleFrontiers in medicine2026
Subtype-specific sonographic signatures and clinicopathological features of metaplastic breast cancer: a 50-case cohort study.
Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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5 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Metaplastic breast cancer (MBC) is a rare, aggressive malignancy with profound histological heterogeneity. This study aimed to describe the subtype-specific sonographic signatures and baseline clinicopathological features of MBC based on the World Health Organization classification. Methods: This exploratory single-center retrospective cohort study included 50 women with histologically confirmed MBC (15 spindle cell, 12 squamous cell, and 23 mixed type) treated between January 2010 and January 2026. Preoperative ultrasound features, evaluated via BI-RADS criteria, and baseline clinicopathological parameters were compared across subtypes. Results: The spindle cell subtype frequently presented with a pseudo-benign sonographic phenotype, characterized by circumscribed margins (60.0%) and oval or round shape (46.7%), along with significantly smaller tumor dimensions (median 3.1 cm; Conclusion: MBC demonstrates significant subtype-specific heterogeneity. The pseudo-benign sonographic appearance of the spindle cell subtype represents a major diagnostic pitfall, supporting prompt biopsy for rapidly enlarging lesions. The observed size-node pattern should be interpreted as descriptive and hypothesis-generating, because nodal events were limited and long-term survival, recurrence, and distant metastasis data were unavailable. Recognizing these distinct patterns may facilitate accurate diagnosis and timely multidisciplinary management.
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